Chogadia - If your financial institution informs you they’re closing your account because of information about you on ChexSystems, it’s important to understand what’s happening. ChexSystems i...

 
For Day Choghadiya, we need to calculate the time between sunrise and sunset and divide it by 8, which is 90 minutes. We would add on this time to sunrise time, which gives the first day choghadiya. For an example, sunrise time is taken as 6:00 AM then add 90 mins into that, will give 7:30 AM.. Sagging asian tits

What is Chogadia? The Chogadia system divides the day into auspicious and inauspicious units. It is considered lucky to start any new thing in the auspicious time and the unlucky Chogadia are generally to be avoided for doing important work.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 26, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Kota, Rajasthan, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Some people love to do it, others hate it, but washing your car could add years to its life. Advertisement Your car is a major investment and you spend a ton of money maintaining i...Choghadiya is mostly used when the expert opinion of an astrologer or Panditji is not available and the work has to be done on the spot without any delay. Hence, Choghadiya is a ready reckoner to find a suitable time to travel, to purchase a vehicle and perform ceremonies. This Choghadiya App is location based and can be used for all cities.For Day Choghadiya, we need to calculate the time between sunrise and sunset and divide it by 8, which is 90 minutes. We would add on this time to sunrise time, which gives the first day choghadiya. For an example, sunrise time is taken as 6:00 AM then add 90 mins into that, will give 7:30 AM.Choghadiya Muhurat is a part of the Vedic Hindu calendar, Panchang. The words ‘Cho’ means four and ‘Ghadi’ mean clock in Hindi and Choghadiya in total mounts to 96 minutes. Choghadiya is an ancient measure for calculations of time in India roughly equivalent to 24 minutes in each division.There are 7 types of chaughadias (Muhurats), namely Udveg, Chal, Labh, Amrit, Kaal, Shubh and Rog. However, 8 Choghadiyas fall during day time and other 8 during night. Hence, there are two types of it existing in Hindu Panchang and both consist of 8 Choghadias (Muhurats) each. Mentioned below is the types of Choghadiya:Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 17, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Surat, Gujarat, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for New Delhi, NCT, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Hundreds of entrepreneurs in Bengaluru are losing their sleep. Hundreds of entrepreneurs in Bengaluru are losing their sleep because—wait for it—the monsoons are coming. India’s st...No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 24, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Sep 13, 2023 · Choghadiya is divided into seven primary elements, each associated with specific characteristics: • Udveg: Represents inauspicious or unfavorable times. Activities commenced during the Udveg periods are believed to face obstacles or challenges. • Labh: Signifies auspicious moments and is considered ideal for initiating new ventures ... 3 days ago · Choghadiya is a Sanskrit word that is made up of "Chau" and "Ghadiya". Chau means "Four" and "Ghadiya" means "Time". "Ghadiya" is also called as "Ghati". Hence "Chaughadia" is also known as "Ghati". The Indian time in ancient days was quite different from today's time representation. People used to see "Ghati" instead of "Hours". No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 17, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.HIFS: Get the latest Hingham Institution SavingsShs stock price and detailed information including HIFS news, historical charts and realtime prices. Gainers SAI.TECH Global Corpora...No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 24, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Vadodara, Gujarat, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.Unless you’re a morning person, waking up each day can be a challenge. Getting through the day can be so hard, and your bed is so soft. Unless you’re a morning person, waking up ea...No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 21, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Kadi, Gujarat, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 29, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Thane, Maharashtra, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 27, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine Nadia Hansel, MD, MPH, is the interim director of the Department of Medicine in th...For day Choghadiya, time between sunrise and sunset is considered and then divide it by 8, which gives roughly 90 minutes. Once we add on this time to sunrise time, it provides the first day choghadiya. For example, sunrise time is taken 6:00 AM, then adding 90 mins into that, comes 7:30 AM.Aaj ka Choghadiya: आज का चौघड़िया मुहूर्त के आधार पर, दिन एवं रात का चौघड़िया शुभ समय 27 अप्रैल 2024. Today Choghadiya or Chogadia day and night time for for New Delhi, NCT, IndiaFind out the most auspicious times for various activities based on Choghadiya, the vedic astrological time guide. See the Choghadiya table for Thursday, March 28, 2024 and learn about the meaning and … The Chogadia system divides the day into auspicious and inauspicious units. It is considered lucky to start any new thing in the auspicious time and the unlucky Chogadia are generally to be avoided for doing important work. Jyotish says that the unlucky Chogadias should be rejected for starting any new project or a journey. Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.Choghadiya is a measure of time in Hindu astrology, equivalent to 96 minutes. Learn about the types, meanings and uses of Choghadiya Muhurat for various purposes and locations.Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.Sep 13, 2023 · Choghadiya Muhurat is a traditional astrological system that divides the day and night into eight segments, each ruled by a planet. Learn how to calculate and use Choghadiya Muhurat for various occasions, such as weddings, business deals, exams, and more. Unless you’re a morning person, waking up each day can be a challenge. Getting through the day can be so hard, and your bed is so soft. Unless you’re a morning person, waking up ea...Today's choghadiya is based on muhurat, day and night choghadiya (aka Chogadia) timings. Find auspicious aka good times on mPanchang for Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaStand aside and let things "shake out"....MDT For his second "Executive Decision" segment of Mad Money Tuesday evening, Jim Cramer spoke with Geoff Martha, chairm...No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 26, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Aaj ka Choghadiya: आज का चौघड़िया मुहूर्त के आधार पर, दिन एवं रात का चौघड़िया शुभ समय 27 अप्रैल 2024. Today Choghadiya or Chogadia day and night time for for New Delhi, NCT, IndiaThe Chogadia system divides the day into auspicious and inauspicious units. It is considered lucky to start any new thing in the auspicious time and the unlucky Chogadia are generally to be avoided for doing important work. Jyotish says that the unlucky Chogadias should be rejected for starting any new project or a journey.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 24, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.The Insider Trading Activity of Jolliffe Lynn on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksChoghadiya is mostly used when the expert opinion of an astrologer or Panditji is not available and the work has to be done on the spot without any delay. Hence, Choghadiya is a ready reckoner to find a suitable time to travel, to purchase a vehicle and perform ceremonies. This Choghadiya App is location based and can be used for all cities.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 27, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.This page provides day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for your place. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.Stream the music but we think you should hold off on buying the shares for now. Despite the growth of digital music, there are limited opportunities to invest in the market. Pandor...The USPS is raising stamp prices again. The upcoming change would be the second price hike in 2023 and make the cost of a stamp 66 cents. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive n...Choghadiya is a measure of time in Hindu astrology, equivalent to 96 minutes. Learn about the types, meanings and uses of Choghadiya Muhurat for various purposes and locations.HIFS: Get the latest Hingham Institution SavingsShs stock price and detailed information including HIFS news, historical charts and realtime prices. Gainers SAI.TECH Global Corpora...No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Ambala, Haryana, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Respondents showed optimism despite anger at corruption and economic woes Despite facing economic headwinds, widespread political corruption, and shortages in food, energy, and cle...Chogadia Hisab Calculator for Android, free and safe download. Chogadia Hisab Calculator latest version: The Most Influential Planets and Their EffectFind out about alternative wall surfaces for your home including faux finishes, chalkboard paint, textured surfaces, and magnetic paint. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos...For day Choghadiya, time between sunrise and sunset is considered and then divide it by 8, which gives roughly 90 minutes. Once we add on this time to sunrise time, it provides the first day choghadiya. For example, sunrise time is taken 6:00 AM, then adding 90 mins into that, comes 7:30 AM. For Day Choghadiya, we need to calculate the time between sunrise and sunset and divide it by 8, which is 90 minutes. We would add on this time to sunrise time, which gives the first day choghadiya. For an example, sunrise time is taken as 6:00 AM then add 90 mins into that, will give 7:30 AM. No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.This page provides April 25, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Know the auspicious time today for doing any work in Panchangam. Choghadiya Calculation: - First know your local time of Sunset and Sunrise. Make hours for days Choghadiya and nights Choghdiya. Then divide the time periods by eight, the result called the time period of one Choghadiya Muhurata. Generally, each Choghadiya Muhurat has a time of ...Alexa is Amazon's brand ambassador in your home. Amazon released more products this week than I’ve ever seen announced at once by a tech company. The pace was dizzying: At an event... Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided. The Insider Trading Activity of Jolliffe Lynn on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksNo auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 21, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Kuwait City, Al Asimah, Kuwait. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 pest companies in Lorton, VA. Helping you find the best pest companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projects Feature...For Day Choghadiya, we need to calculate the time between sunrise and sunset and divide it by 8, which is 90 minutes. We would add on this time to sunrise time, which gives the first day choghadiya. For an example, sunrise time is taken as 6:00 AM then add 90 mins into that, will give 7:30 AM.On May 10, CALBEE will be reporting earnings Q4.Wall Street analysts expect CALBEE will report earnings per share of ¥19.69.Watch CALBEE stock pri... CALBEE is reporting latest ear...Just like a conductor leading an orchestra, Choghadiya directs the flow of time. It guides individuals toward moments of opportunity and growth. By following auspicious Choghadiya, people aim to make their endeavors smoother and more prosperous. This enhances their chances of achieving their goals and dreams. It’s like having a golden ticket ...One Choghadiya means four units of Ghadi, i.e., 96 minutes.) It is also known as “Chaturshtika Muhurat.”. There are seven good and bad Choghadiyas, Udveg, Labh, Char, Rog, Shubh, Kaal, and Amrit. Auspicious Choghadiyas - Amrit, Shubh, Labh, and Char. It is preferred for all auspicious works because benevolent and beneficial planets rule these.Apr 8, 2024 · Today's choghadiya is based on muhurat, day and night choghadiya (aka Chogadia) timings. Find auspicious aka good times on mPanchang for Bangalore Urban, Karnataka, India No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 24, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 09, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Gaya, Bihar, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Choghadiya is mostly used when the expert opinion of an astrologer or Panditji is not available and the work has to be done on the spot without any delay. Hence, Choghadiya is a ready reckoner to find a suitable time to travel, to purchase a vehicle and perform ceremonies. This Choghadiya App is location based and can be used for all cities.Every Chogadiya means a special thing and brings a special moment into the world. Know Shubha Choghadiya for India. Some of these Chogadiya are considered auspicious and includes- Amrut, Shoobh, and Labh Chogadiya. Some are neutral like the Chal Chogadiya. Some are inauspicious like the Udveg, Kaal and Rog.There are four categories of Auspicious Choghadiya- Shubh, Labh, Amrit and Char. Shubh denotes good luck, while Labh indicates profit. Amrit means auspicious, and Char means auspicious for travelling. Each category has two time periods- Day Choghadiya and Night Choghadiya. These periods focus on today muhurat or the shubh muhurat today.For day Choghadiya, time between sunrise and sunset is considered and then divide it by 8, which gives roughly 90 minutes. Once we add on this time to sunrise time, it provides the first day choghadiya. For example, sunrise time is taken 6:00 AM, then adding 90 mins into that, comes 7:30 AM.Today's choghadiya is based on muhurat, day and night choghadiya (aka Chogadia) timings. Find auspicious aka good times on Anytime Astro for New Delhi, NCT, India Choghadiya Today - Saturday, April 27, 2024 | Aaj Ka Choghadiya, Choghadiya Table, Today Shubh Kaal & Daily MuhuratFind out the most auspicious times for various activities based on Choghadiya, the vedic astrological time guide. See the Choghadiya table for Thursday, March 28, 2024 and learn about the meaning and types of Choghadiya.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 22, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Choghadiya Muhurat is a part of the Vedic Hindu calendar, Panchang. The words ‘Cho’ means four and ‘Ghadi’ mean clock in Hindi and Choghadiya in total mounts to 96 minutes. Choghadiya is an ancient measure for calculations of time in India roughly equivalent to 24 minutes in each division.

Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.. Mom unwanted anal

chogadia

No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 21, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Kuwait City, Al Asimah, Kuwait. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.Unless you’re a morning person, waking up each day can be a challenge. Getting through the day can be so hard, and your bed is so soft. Unless you’re a morning person, waking up ea...Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided.Every Chogadiya means a special thing and brings a special moment into the world. Know Shubha Choghadiya for India. Some of these Chogadiya are considered auspicious and includes- Amrut, Shoobh, and Labh Chogadiya. Some are neutral like the Chal Chogadiya. Some are inauspicious like the Udveg, Kaal and Rog.No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 21, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day.We only give sunrise used for religious and astrological purpose which is used to determine exact Rahukalam, Yamagandam, Gulikai, Durmuhurtham, Abhijit Muhurtham, Chogadia / Gowri panchangam and various other timings. This is another big mistake people do is use newspaper sunrise and sunset. No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day. Love to use your grill but have little space for plates and condiments? Build this portable barbecue counter to expand storage and keep guests entertained! Expert Advice On Improvi...Choghadiya or Chogadia is used for checking auspicious time to start new work. Traditionally Choghadiya is used for travel muhurthas but due to its simplicity, it is used for any muhurtha. There are four good Choghadiya, Amrit, Shubh, Labh and Char, to start an auspicious work. Three bad Choghadiya, Rog, Kaal and Udveg, should be avoided. No auspicious work is done during Rog Choghadiya. However, Rog Choghadiya is recommended for war and to defeat the enemy. This page provides April 28, 2024 day and night choghadiya (also known as Chogadia) timings for Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It lists start and end timings of amrit, shubh, labh, char, rog, kaal and udveg for each day. Choghadiya Panchang is an Indian Astrology that is based on an auspicious time guide which is termed muhurat. The word Choghadiya is a combination of two different words, Chaw, and ghadi, in which Chaw stands for “ consisting of four ”, while ghadi stands for 24 minutes. Hence, the duration of every choghadiya is approximately 96 minutes.Know the auspicious time today for doing any work in Panchangam. Choghadiya Calculation: - First know your local time of Sunset and Sunrise. Make hours for days Choghadiya and nights Choghdiya. Then divide the time periods by eight, the result called the time period of one Choghadiya Muhurata. Generally, each Choghadiya Muhurat has ….

Popular Topics