supporters believed: 1) unions were abusing their power; 2) widespread strikes would endanger the nation's vital defense industries; 3) some labor unions had been infiltrated by Communists; 4) employers were being coerced into hiring union workers; opposed by organized labor. United Farm Workers.APUSH: the gilded age, capital and labor 1-41. great railroad strike of 1877. Click the card to flip 👆. -first major interstate strike in American history. -rail workers went of strike because of cut wages due to the depression. -showed the strength of the union and the need for tighter organization. -After this strike, it was said that ...This union was a counterpart to the white National Labor Union. ... 19 The reasons why most labor unions failed in the 1930s were "the same reasons that made them vulnerable to agitation and strikes . . . [T]heir extreme mobility, the high seasonality of their work, and the low wage rates all combined to make unionization among them costly." ...The United Farm Workers of America, or more commonly just United Farm Workers (UFW), is a labor union for farmworkers in the United States. It originated from the merger of two workers' rights organizations, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez and Dolores Huerta and the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong.AP United States History 2000 Scoring Guidelines. The materials included in these files are intended for non-commercial use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face ...APUSH Social Darwinism and Reform. 63 terms. Amber_G-S. Preview. APUSH Period 7 (1891-1945) 22 terms. anna1321. ... National Labor Union. This first national labor organization in US history was founded in 1866 and gained 600,000 members from many parts of the workforce, although it limited the participation of Chinese, women, and blacks. ...Eugene V. Debs. Definition: Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. Historical Significance: While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.Coal workers went on strike. Roosevelt threatened to seize mines if the owners would not negotiate. Key Strikes to Know. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) Established to break up trusts. In actually, used to break up unions. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act. Exempted labor unions from prosecution.Last year, Amazon fired Emily Cunningham and Maren Costa. The pair of employees had been among the company’s most outspoken critics on staff, openly taking Amazon to task for envir...By the mid-1950s, unions in the US had successfully organized approximately one out of every three non-farm workers. This period represented the peak of labor's power, as the ranks of unionized ...The Wagner Act definition is a piece of legislation aimed at expanding and protecting workers' rights.Officially called the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, the Wagner Act was one of the ... This first national labor organization in US history was founded in 1866 and gained 600,000 members from many parts of the workforce, although it limited the participation of Chinese, women, and blacks. The organization devoted much of its energy to fighting for an eight-hour workday before it dissolved in 1872 The child labor movement was led by Reformists, primarily middle-class city-dwellers. The work of labor unions, photojournalists, and the National Child Labor Committee were also essential to ...APUSH Ch. 17. Definition: The Farmers' Alliance was a group of farmers, principally in the South and West, that sought to improve farmers' conditions. The Alliance provided loans to farmers and sold their crops. Historical significance: The Farmers' Alliance set up the base for the Populists, a political party composed similarly of southern and ...National Labor Union. Goals: 8 hour work day, Sunday's off, Child Labor Laws, Immigration Laws, Convict Labor, Department of Labor. ... labor and labor unions APUSH. 50 terms. emma44. APUSH Chapter 24 Key Terms and People. 20 terms. Galmisea. Chapter 6, Section 3: Big Business and Labor.Back in Pullman, the Pullman Company strikers' plight had been overshadowed on the national stage by the boycott. Fighting between the military and workers at rail yards in the Chicago area left dozens dead and more wounded. The injunction led to the jailing of key leaders, weakening the ARU and the strike. With the government working to the ...NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD, WORLD WAR IINATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD, WORLD WAR II. To arbitrate labor disputes during World War II, the National War Labor Board (NWLB) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 12 January 1942 under Executive Order No. 9017. Source for information on National War Labor Board, World War II: Dictionary of American History dictionary.labor union: [noun] an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions.This 1869 organization was the first truly national labor union under the direction of Terrence Powderly, who accepted skilled/unskilled workers as well as women and African Americans, in order to pursue a loose goal of cooperative business (workers own the business and vote on what to do), the 8 hour workday, termination of child labor, and equal pay for women/African Americans that ...AP United States History 2000 Scoring Guidelines. The materials included in these files are intended for non-commercial use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face ...apush chapter 23 and 24. Greenback Labor Party. Click the card to flip 👆. Political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of …Key terms from chapter 33 in APUSH. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ... life_is_mean. Preview. Social Studies Praxis. 63 terms. hanrbenn. Preview. Ch 17 history ... also known as the Wagner Act it was created in the 1930's by congressman Wagner who was sympathetic to labor unions. The National Labor Relation Board was an ...The most famous female labor activist of the nineteenth century, Mary Harris Jones — aka "Mother Jones" — was a self-proclaimed "hell-raiser" in the cause of economic justice. She was so strident that a US attorney once labeled her "the most dangerous woman in America.". Born circa August 1, 1837 in County Cork, Ireland, Jones ...labour movement. political unionism. National Labor Union (NLU), in U.S. history, a political-action movement that from 1866 to 1873 sought to improve working conditions through legislative reform rather than through collective bargaining.APUSH Chapter 18 1865-1900. 122 terms. kat_1331. Preview. Chapter 21 study guide. 59 terms. carolinetae888. ... The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) ...4.2 (20 reviews) Progressives. Click the card to flip 👆. members of a reform movement. They were against monopoly, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice. Their purpose was "to use government as an agency of human welfare." The cure for the ills of American democracy, they earnestly believed, was more democracy.Laborers formed unions and battled management on wages and conditions. Study Guide - Labor in the Gilded Age; The South continued to rely on agricultural industries. Farmers responded to new systems of production and transportation. Industrialization increased production and substantially decreased food prices.Penn State basketball has been on a remarkable winning streak in recent years, captivating fans and gaining national attention. This success is not accidental; it is the result of ...APUSH Labor Union Movement. Term. 1 / 18. Knights of Labor. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 18. labor union established to carry out long-range humanitarian reforms; admitted all workers; like regulation, not strikes; unrealistic goals. Click the card to flip 👆.Pittsburgh saw the worst unrest, and Hayes had to send in federal troops to quell the riots (1st use of army to stop labor unrest). National Labor Union 1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8 hour work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers.National Labor Union. Goals: 8 hour work day, Sunday's off, Child Labor Laws, Immigration Laws, Convict Labor, Department of Labor. ... labor and labor unions APUSH. 50 terms. emma44. APUSH Chapter 24 Key Terms and People. 20 terms. Galmisea. Chapter 6, Section 3: Big Business and Labor.Henry W. Grady, a newspaper editor in Atlanta, Georgia, coined the phrase the "New South" in 1874. He urged the South to abandon its longstanding agrarian economy for a modern economy grounded in factories, mines, and mills. Although textile mills and tobacco factories emerged in the South during this time, the plans for a New South largely ...The National Labor Union was founded on August 20, 1866, in Baltimore, Maryland. It was the first attempt to create a national labor group in the United States and one of their first actions was the first national call …Definition. Labor unions are organized associations of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. Analogy. Think of labor unions as the protective older sibling of workers. Just like how an older sibling would stand up for their younger siblings against bullies at school, labor unions ... The Knights of Labor. The Knights of Labor was a union founded in 1869. The Knights pressed for the eight-hour work day for laborers, and embraced a vision of a society in which workers, not capitalists, would own the industries in which they labored. The Knights also sought to end child labor and convict labor. Test: Apush Quiz Unit 6. Name: Score: 20 Multiple choice questions. Definition. ... Labor unions are organizations that represent workers in negotiations with employers over wages, working conditions, and rights, playing a crucial role in improving labor conditions and establishing workers' rights in American history. ... National labor board ...American Federation of Labor (AFL), federation of North American labour unions that was founded in 1886 under the leadership of Samuel Gompers as the successor to the Federation of Organized Trades (1881), which had replaced the Knights of Labor (KOL) as the most powerful industrial union of the era. The AFL focused on the organization of …Period 7: 1890-1945. An increasingly pluralistic United States faced profound domestic and global challenges, debated the proper degree of government activism, and sought to define its international role. Topics may include. Image Source: Destitute pea pickers in California. Mother of seven children. Age thirty-two.Evaluating the Labor Movement Successes • Workers did form local and national unions that did directly confront growing corporate power • Beginning of a national labor union …APUSH - Labor Unions/Laws/Strikes study guide by MKyriakakos includes 7 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. ... were idealists who believed they could eliminate conflict between labor and managements. Their goal was to create a cooperative society in which ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Cryptanalysis, Economic Czar, National War Labor Board and more. Try Magic Notes and save time. Try it freeThe Knights of Labor, founded in 1869, was a prominent national labor organization that advocated for the eight-hour day, a graduated federal income tax, as well as other worker protections.Eugene V. Debs was born in Terre Haute, Indiana in 1855 to a family of French Alsatian immigrants. Making his way in the railroad industry, Debs formed the American Railway Union in 1892. Two years later he found himself leading one of the largest strikes in American history — the great Pullman strike. When its workers refused to accept a pay ...NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD, WORLD WAR IINATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD, WORLD WAR II. To arbitrate labor disputes during World War II, the National War Labor Board (NWLB) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on 12 January 1942 under Executive Order No. 9017. Source for information on National War Labor Board, World War II: Dictionary of American History dictionary.APUSH Chapter 39 Key Terms and People. 28 terms. mustanggirl. Preview. 35,36,38 history vocab. 32 terms. ... National Guard members responded to the protest by firing into the crown, killing four and wounding many more. ... required construction trade unions to establish "goals and timetables" for the hiring of black apprentices, effectively ... This first national labor organization in US history was founded in 1866 and gained 600,000 members from many parts of the workforce, although it limited the participation of Chinese, women, and blacks. The organization devoted much of its energy to fighting for an eight-hour workday before it dissolved in 1872 Period 6 APUSH Questions. 36 terms. cbhaynes23. Preview. Myers' Psychology for AP®, 2e, Module 45. Teacher 7 terms. BFW_Publishers. Preview. ... Labor unions typically campaigned for 8 hour work days. The chart omitted the years of the panic and depression of 1893. ... The national government, says the court, has the Constitutional power to ... This first national labor organization in US history was founded in 1866 and gained 600,000 members from many parts of the workforce, although it limited the participation of Chinese, women, and blacks. The organization devoted much of its energy to fighting for an eight-hour workday before it dissolved in 1872 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Why were organized labors formed? `, What were some tactics used by labor unions?, What were some tactics used by owners again unions? and more.APUSH CH.18 #2. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), members of which are commonly termed "Wobblies", is an international, radical labor union that was founded in 1905.The philosophy and tactics of the IWW are described as "revolutionary industrial unionism," with ties to both socialist and anarchist labor movements.An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers. It was founded in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah Stephens and a number of fellow workers. Powderly was elected head of the _____ in 1883.The American Federation of Labor, founded by Samuel Gompers, fares much better. The AFL was a skilled labor union and thus carried a bit more leverage into the negotiating room and was more effective in improving conditions for its members. The Strikes. Labor unions used the strike as a means to combat poor working conditions and low wages.Originally a secret society in 1869 , the Knights picked up where the National Labor Union had left off. The union united skilled and unskilled laborers in the countryside and cities in one group. Unlike the National Labor Union, the Knights allowed blacks and women among its ranks. Although they did win a series of strikes in their fight ...Chapter 18 - Part 2 - APUSH. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Click the card to flip 👆. A group of railroad workers on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad rose up and began to strike due to wage cuts. This spread up and down the railroad line across the nation. Railroad roadhouse was torched.This act was the first child labor bill. It was based on a 1906 proposal by Senator Albert J. Beveridge and used the government's ability to regulate interstate commerce to regulate child labor. It banned the sale of products from any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of 14, from any mine that employed children ...Homestead Strike (1892) The Homestead Strike of 1892 was a violent strike at the Homestead Works in Pittsburgh over a lock out follwing a decision to cut wages by nearly 20%. This strike ended with the destruction of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel workers, probably the largest craft union at the time.(25 labor groups of 150,000 workers joined; 12 national unions, 140,000 affiliated members); strengthened in the late 1890s and early 1900s; 270,000 members in 1897, including 58 national unions; 1.7 million in 1904; 2 million 1914; 2.5 million in 1917, with 11 national unions and 127 locals; 4–5 million in 1920.The Knights of Labor, founded in 1869, was a prominent national labor organization that advocated for the eight-hour day, a graduated federal income tax, as well as other worker protections.We’re all familiar with Amazon, the online-bookstore-that-could-turned-largest-online-retailer in the United States, but, as impressive as Amazon’s growth is, what’s going on behin...A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955, in order to counter the NATO alliance that included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. The pact was the Soviet Union's response to the NATO and helped institutionalize the Cold War. NSC-68. A top-secret government report of April 1950 ...The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active from 1874 to 1889. The party ran candidates in three presidential elections, in 1876, 1880 and 1884, before it faded away.. The party's …Get the forecast for today, tonight & tomorrow's weather for Petropavl, North Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan. Hi/Low, RealFeel®, precip, radar, & everything you need to be ready for the day ...🇺🇸 Unit 6 study guides written over former APUSH students to review Industrialization & the Gilt Date, 1865-1898 with detailed declarations and practice questions.an agency of the United States government. where. United States. when. April 8, 1918. why. to mediate labor disputes during World War I. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like who, what, where and more.This excerpt supports the argument that the primary reason to form a union during the 1820s was to (A) improve working conditions so people would have better lives (B) lengthen the typical workday so people would earn more (C) stop immigration so workers would have less competition for jobs (D) form an alliance between White and Black laborers so workers would have more strengthKey Terms to Review ( 30) American Federation of Labor (AFL) : The AFL was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohio, in December 1886. It focused on achieving concrete economic gains, such as higher wages and shorter work hours. Anti-Union Techniques.APUSH - New Deal. 14 terms. annaristuccia. Preview. APUSH Chapter 36 (Unit 13) 39 terms. ahmelay922. ... Also known as the National Labor Relations Act, this law protected the right of labor to organize in unions and bargain collectively with employers, and established the National Labor Relations Board to monitor unfair labor practices on the ...APUSH Module 7. Get a hint. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Click the card to flip 👆. Founded in 1920. The ACLU seeks to protect the civil liberties of individuals, often by bringing "test cases" to court in order to challenge questionable laws. In 1925, the ACLU challenged a Christian fundamentalist law in the Scopes Monkey Trial.APUSH Fraser Chapter 14. 41 terms. eli_rethy. Preview. Chapter 4-5. 24 terms. Trace_Boersma. ... He was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. ... She has co-authored books on national defense and was highly critical of arms-control ...Overview. The Populists were an agrarian-based political movement aimed at improving conditions for the country’s farmers and agrarian workers. The Populist movement was …APUSH Labor Unions. Purpose of Organized Labor. Click the card to flip 👆. - Workers unite within a trade, industry, or workforce to achieve common goals. - Union leadership negotiates on behalf of union worker members with owners/managers. - Common goals include: higher wages, benefits, improved working conditions. Click the card to flip 👆. 34 of 34. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for APUSH Ch. 16-19 Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. APUSH - New Deal. 14 terms. annaristuccia. Preview. APUSH Chapter 36 (Unit 13) 39 terms. ahmelay922. ... Also known as the National Labor Relations Act, this law protected the right of labor to organize in unions and bargain collectively with employers, and established the National Labor Relations Board to monitor unfair labor practices on the ...This union was a counterpart to the white National Labor Union. ... 19 The reasons why most labor unions failed in the 1930s were "the same reasons that made them vulnerable to agitation and strikes . . . [T]heir extreme mobility, the high seasonality of their work, and the low wage rates all combined to make unionization among them costly." ...The Smith–Connally Act or War Labor Disputes Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1501 et seq.) was an American law passed on June 25, 1943, over President Franklin D. Roosevelt's veto. The legislation was hurriedly created after 400,000 coal miners, their wages significantly lowered because of high wartime inflation, struck for a $2-a-day wage increase. The Act allowed …The Communications Workers of America filed two unfair labor practice charges with the National Labor Relations Board on Monday. Jump to A union said five Apple retail workers in t...Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), the 32nd president of the United States, sought to fight the worst parts of the Great Depression through his legislative agenda, nicknamed the New Deal. This changed the role of the federal government in new ways (mostly by expanding it) and changed the alignment of political parties (this is one of two major ...Fifteenth Amendment. American Woman Suffrage Association. A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party, despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments. Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men, AWSA leaders ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Great Railroad Strike of 1877, Denis Kearney, National Labor Union (NLU) and more. ... APUSH-Pullman Strike. 10 terms. sgalvan-22. Preview. APUSH Chapter 17 terms. 24 terms. katbutler33. Preview. Homicide Comprehensive Application 1. 50 terms. madison_corbett1030.It was America's first billion-dollar corporation, a sum larger than the total estimated wealth of the nation in 1800. Andrew Carnegie. this man was an undersized, charming Scotsman of the late 1800s. He began as a bobbin boy at $1.20 a week and ended up trying to give away $350 million before he died.The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active from 1874 to 1889. The party ran candidates in three presidential elections, in 1876, 1880 and 1884, before it faded away.. The party's …Child labor was a widespread and controversial practice during the Industrial Revolution, when many children and teens worked in harsh and dangerous conditions. Learn about the laws and ...Farmers' Alliance, an American agrarian movement during the 1870s and '80s that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers through the creation of cooperatives and political advocacy. The movement consisted of three large regional groupings. Learn more about the movement's history and political goals.APUSH LABOR UNION REVIEW Purpose of Organized Labor -Workers unite within a trade, industry, or workforce to achieve common goals -Union leadership negotiates on …2. Championed the National Labor Relations Act creating the National Labor Relations Board, which mediated disputes between unions and corporations, and greatly expanded the rights of workers by banning many "unfair labor practices" and guaranteeing all workers the right to form a union. 736357867: Margaret Mead: 1.Abolitionism. was the movement in opposition to slavery, often demanding immediate, uncompensated emancipation of all slaves. This was generally considered radical, and there were only a few adamant abolitionists prior to the Civil War. Almost all abolitionists advocated legal, but not social equality for blacks.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like National Labor Union, Horizontal Integration, Social Darwinists and more.
large numbers of people who once worked as independent farmers and artisans became dependent on wages earned in a factory; low pay, long hours, and unsafe working conditions; workers in different cities organized unions an apolitical parties to protect their interests; first US labor party from Philadelphia elected a few members of the city council; for a brief period in the 1830s an .... Best buy manahawkin hours
The technologically advanced industrial South. Colored National Labor Union. Black labor organization that briefly flourished in the late 1860s. Knights of Labor. Secret, ritualistic labor organization. Enrolled both skilled and unskilled workers. Collapsed after the Haymarket Square bombing. Unions. Skilled Labor Organizations.Definition: In agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines. Significance: helped to dramatically increase the productivity of land in the 1870s and 1880s. This process contributed to the consolidation of agricultural business that drove many family farms out of existence. Populists.APUSH Chapter 18. Jay Gould. Click the card to flip 👆. railroad entrepreneur of the union pacific railroad company; obtained generous land and subsidies from federal, state, and local governments & sold bonds and stocks to the public to finance the expensive construction of the railroad; thought by many to have manipulated stock markets for ...APUSH-Pullman Strike. 10 terms. sgalvan-22. Preview. Final Exam Fall 2023. 12 terms. patwanai0005. Preview. Us 10/06. ... Railway union leader who converted to socialism while serving jail time during the Pullman strike. James B. Weaver. Former Civil War general and Granger who ran as the Greenback Labor party candidate for president in 1880.The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 is a United States federal statute that ensures the right of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, have a hand in collective bargaining ...Apush Labor Movements. - few opportunities to express discontentment regarding working conditions. Was one example of inhumane labor conditions in America during the Industrial Revolution., - Francis Cabot Lowell est. factory in 1814 at Waltham, Massachusetts. First factory in the world to manufacture cotton cloth by power machinery in a building.Apush Unit 8. 50 terms. fatima200454642. Preview. US History Chapter 3 Test. 15 terms. bclearing. ... Law passed by the republican controlled congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act, placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers. National Labor Union (NLU), in U.S. history, a political-action movement that from 1866 to 1873 sought to improve working conditions through legislative reform rather than through collective bargaining. The National Labor Relations Act is the United States labor law that guarantees basic rights of employees. It guarantees the rights for employees to organize, aid, or join labor unions. It also allows employees to participate in collective bargaining in hopes of better terms and work conditions. The National Labor Relation Act helped reduce ...national labor union 1866 Goals: Increase wages and 8-hour work day, monetary reform, and worker cooperatives. Believed in equal rights for women and African Americans.Fifteenth Amendment. American Woman Suffrage Association. A women's suffrage organization led by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and others who remained loyal to the Republican Party, despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the Reconstruction Amendments. Stressing the urgency of voting rights for African American men, AWSA leaders ...Samuel Gompers (1850-1924) was the first president of the American Federation of Labor, the first enduring national labor union. He served as president from 1886 until his death in 1924, except for a single year, 1895. Born in London, he immigrated to the United States at the age of 13, and worked as a cigar-maker. ...APUSH Unit 5: Groups. Flashcards; Learn; Test; Match; ... Share. Terms in this set (18) National Labor Union. Union- early attempt to establish a single national labor union. American Federation of Labor. Union- skilled craft union under Sam Gompers. Knights of Labor. Union- took up where NLU left off; tried to unite skilled and unskilled workers.This 1869 organization was the first truly national labor union under the direction of Terrence Powderly, who accepted skilled/unskilled workers as well as women and African Americans, in order to pursue a loose goal of cooperative business (workers own the business and vote on what to do), the 8 hour workday, termination of child labor, and equal pay for women/African Americans that ...Ludlow Massacre, attack on striking coal miners and their families by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel and Iron Company guards at Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914, resulting in the deaths of 25 people, including 11 children.. About 10,000 miners under the direction of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) had been on strike since September 13, 1913, protesting low pay and ....
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