Context Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq (Sapindaceae) has been used in traditional medicine as antimalarial, antidiabetic and antibacterial agent, but further investigations are needed. Objective This study determines the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of six compounds (1-6) and two crysta …To better understand the molecular basis of Dodonaea viscosa chloroplast, we used Illumina sequencing technology to sequence its complete genome. The whole length of the cp genome is 159,375 base pairs (bp), with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 27,099 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) 87,204 bp, and small single copy (SSC) 17,972 …Dodonaea viscosa - native hop bush APPEARANCE : Slender spoon shaped leaves, densely growing; clusters of papery wine-red flower-like fruits which have richer colour in brighter light. ORIGIN : Native to country or region if relevant USE FOR: Excellent soil erosion control, dune stabiliser, revegetation pioneer plant, windbreak hedge. CLIMATE …Pricing - DoneDone | Manage projects and customers in one task, bug and issue tracker software. Pricing that’s simple, transparent, and affordable. Pay for who uses what. No … Documentation State Type Symbol ; Britton, N.L., and P. Wilson. 1926. Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The town of Bergerac nestles along the banks of the River Dordogne in Dordogne, Aquitaine. It’s in an area known as Périgord Pourpre (purple Périgord). A land of lush vineyards, the Purple Périgord is also famous for its rolling hills and fields of sunflowers peppered with tiny hamlets and grand castles. Medieval Bergerac sits in the heart ...Context: High fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) is an ideal model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that would closely reflect the natural history and metabolic characteristics of human T2DM and is also suitable for pharmacological screening. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the water extract … In Australia, its flowers were used to make beer by European settlers. Purple hop bush, Dodonaea viscosa ‘Purpurea’, is a highly ornaments variety with gorgeous purple foliage and red-green flowers. Not fully hardy, grow it in a sunny, sheltered spot, such as against a south- or west-facing wall. It’s well suited to coastal regions and is ... Dodonaea: 1 n a genus of tropical shrub or tree Synonyms: genus Dodonaea Type of: dicot genus , magnoliopsid genus genus of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination Dordogne is a paradise for foodies and market lovers. It boasts of some of the most vibrant and lively markets in France, which are a playground for local farmers, artisans, and food producers. The Sarlat Market is one of the most famous markets in the region that sells everything from foie gras, truffles, and mushrooms to fresh fruits and ... Get involved. The Royal Horticultural Society is the UK’s leading gardening charity. We aim to enrich everyone’s life through plants, and make the UK a greener and more beautiful place. Join the RHS today and save 25%.Beynac is officially one of France's most beautiful villages and definitely deserves to be. It is definitely one of our favourite villages in the Dordogne and not to be missed. Apart from the village itself, the main highlight of Beynac is the Chateau de Beynac - a very interesting chateau which also offers great views across the surrounding ...Postpaid Bill Payment Online. fetch & download your postpaid mobile bill. Pay Now. pay postpaid mobile bill for an inactive number. looking for. postpaid SIM, SIM Port or Vi max …Dordogne River Cruises. With landscapes that seem to be taken out of a fairytale, France is undeniably a leading destination for river cruises, and the Dordogne River is no exception. Passing through mesmerizing little towns like La Roque-Gageac or Saint Emilion, a Dordogne river cruise through Aquitaine will allow you to experience …2.5. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. We used the DPPH radical assay because it is easily available, has better radical scavenging potential, and is a commonly used free radical to evaluate the antioxidant potential of plant extracts [44, 45].Modified protocol for the effect of free-radical scavenging on the DPPH assay from Banothu et al. …The latest tweets from @doedaone Tourism. There are many 'famous sights' that we associate with the Dordogne, including Lascaux caves, Marqueyssac gardens, medieval Sarlat, castles such as Chateau Castelnaud and the prehistoric caves in the Vezere Valley. Yet it is the places that you visit outside these 'hot-spots' that will stay longest in your memory - the scenery, the ... Updated Apr 25, 2024, 8:20 AM IST. Jefferies India, Axis Capital and SBI Capital Markets are the lead managers of the Vodafone Idea FPO, while Link Intime …Sep 28, 2023 · Known for its remarkable growth rate, the Dodonaea viscosa purpurea grows quickly to reach heights of 12 to 16 feet. Its hardy nature facilitates a similar width, underscoring a symmetrical aesthetic pleasing to the eye. While young, the bush exhibits an upright nature that integrates seamlessly with any garden layout. Distinct morphological silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Dodonaea viscosa leaves, extracted using different polar and non-polar solvents. Petroleum ether, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile and water were used for the extraction of active ingredients from the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa which attributed to obtaining nanoparticles with …The Dordogne on foot - FFRP - 2015 Geographic and geological note Sarlat is placed on heterogeneous Cretaceous limestones (145 to 66 Ma). It is the capital of Sarladais: region which extends from the north of the Vézère to the south of the Dordogne. Its landscapes are marked by steep and crumbly cliffs, wooded plateaus. Sarlat is in a bowl.14 years ago. You should go to Bordeaux and see the museum to the French WW2 resistance. Bordeaux Museums: Centre National Jean Moulin - Place Jean Moulin, Bordeaux, 33000, France, FR. Tel: +33 05 56 79 66 00. This museum was set up in 1967 to commemorate the role played by the French Resistance during World War Two.The Hopseed bush is one of the most popular screen plant choices for use in the Inland Empire. It has an evergreen habit and can be grown as large shrubs or small trees, reaching heights of 12-18 ft. while spreading 6-12 ft. wide. Foliage is comprised of long narrow leaves, 3-4 in. long, to 1/2 in. wide. Flowers are inconspicuous, but large ...Jun 26, 2019 · Dordogne Travel Guide and Maps. By. James Martin. Updated on 06/26/19. Martyn Ferry/Getty Images. The Dordogne département (24) is found within the Aquitaine region of the southwest corner of France. Most French people refer to the area as the Périgord, a name used for the region before the French revolution; the region changed its name to ... In Australia, its flowers were used to make beer by European settlers. Purple hop bush, Dodonaea viscosa ‘Purpurea’, is a highly ornaments variety with gorgeous purple foliage and red-green flowers. Not fully hardy, grow it in a sunny, sheltered spot, such as against a south- or west-facing wall. It’s well suited to coastal regions and is ...Sep 28, 2023 · Known for its remarkable growth rate, the Dodonaea viscosa purpurea grows quickly to reach heights of 12 to 16 feet. Its hardy nature facilitates a similar width, underscoring a symmetrical aesthetic pleasing to the eye. While young, the bush exhibits an upright nature that integrates seamlessly with any garden layout. from $247 per group. Likely To Sell Out. Bordeaux to Lascaux and Dordogne Valley Private Sightseeing Tour. 3. from $1,271 per group. Private Morning Tour to Cougnac Cave by EXPLOREO. 0 reviews. from $110 per adult. Private morning tour in the Dordogne valley by EXPLOREO. The Dordogne department is one of the largest in France and distances between sites can often be deceiving! Chateau de Castelnaud . This is one of the best known and most visited castles in the Dordogne. The Chateau de Castelnaud dates back to the early 13th century and has a colourful history. It was involved in a tug-of-war battle …Dodonaea viscosa is a medicinal plant which has been used to treat various diseases in humans. However, the anti-insect activity of extracts from D. viscosa has not been evaluated. Here, we found that the total saponins from D. viscosa (TSDV) had strong antifeedant and growth inhibition activities against 4th-instar larvae of Spodoptera …Fruits 3-winged, capsule + wings about 11-18 x 11-14.5 mm. Seeds 2-3, each about 2.5-2.7 x 2.1-2.3 mm. Testa black. Embryo about 8.5 x 1.5 mm, tightly coiled with the tips of the cotyledons in the centre of the coil. Cotyledons slightly broader than the radicle. Cotyledons about 5-6 mm long, radicle about 4-4.5 mm long.Visit Dordogne department (here we call it Périgord) is located in the Nouvelle Aquitaine region (but we call it South West), bordered by the ramparts of the Massif Central, the Causses of Quercy, the orchards of Lot et Garonne and the gravelly soil of Gironde, you'll pass through many of France's most beautiful landscapes and villages.. Sacred temple …DoneDone turns emails & discussions into organized action for your team. Get work done with DoneDone. Get started for free. Task tracker. Bugs, tasks, issues, to-dos. The …Dodonaea viscosa L.Jacq. is an evergreen shrub and native to Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has been used as traditional medicine in different countries. The foremost objective of the current ...Context: High fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) is an ideal model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that would closely reflect the natural history and metabolic characteristics of human T2DM and is also suitable for pharmacological screening. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the … The Dordogne département (province) is in the Aquitaine region of southwest France, where oak and chestnut forests crowd in on about 1,200 châteaux, most from the 13th and 14th centuries. The ... Namdeo Umaji Agritech India Private Limited - Offering 100 G Dodonaea Viscosa Seeds, Shrub Seeds at Rs 390/pack in Pune, Maharashtra. Get contact number of verified dealers of Trees and Grass Seeds | ID: …Biomass and carbon (C) distribution are suggested as strategies of plant responses to resource stress. Understanding the distribution patterns of biomass and C is the key to vegetation restoration in fragile ecosystems, however, there is limited understanding of the intraspecific biomass and C distributions of shrubs resulting from …Genus: Dodonaea. Species: D. triquetra. Binomial name. Dodonaea triquetra. J.C.Wendl. Dodonaea triquetra, known as common hop bush or large leaf hop bush, is a species of shrub occurring in eastern Australia . The plant genus Dodonaea was named after Dodoens, by Carl Linnaeus .Dodonea viscosa 'Purpurea', Purple Akeake or Purple Hopbush, is a purple-foliaged cultivar of Dodonea viscosa, one of the most widely spread shrubs or small trees in the Southern Hemisphere. The type species has an enormous geographical range and as a consequence it has an enormous list of synonyms as testimony to botanists' attempt to describe ...Dodonaea viscosa Taxonomy ID: 151065 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid151065) current nameNamdeo Umaji Agritech India Private Limited - Offering 100 G Dodonaea Viscosa Seeds, Shrub Seeds at Rs 390/pack in Pune, Maharashtra. Get contact number of verified dealers of Trees and Grass Seeds | ID: …Context: High fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) is an ideal model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that would closely reflect the natural history and metabolic characteristics of human T2DM and is also suitable for pharmacological screening. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the water extract … Dordogne is a paradise for foodies and market lovers. It boasts of some of the most vibrant and lively markets in France, which are a playground for local farmers, artisans, and food producers. The Sarlat Market is one of the most famous markets in the region that sells everything from foie gras, truffles, and mushrooms to fresh fruits and ... Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work and learn and pay our respects to their Elders past and present.Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; DonateDescription. Dodonaea viscosa is a thin-stemmed, leafy shrub or tree, usually 2-8 m tall with a light crown. The bark is grey, grooved, peeling and branchlets are rusty red and resinous (sticky). Leaves are simple, thin, narrow, 5-10 cm long, 5-8 mm wide with untoothed margins; leaf tip is round or pointed; leaves secrete gummy exudate which ...The Hopseed bush is one of the most popular screen plant choices for use in the Inland Empire. It has an evergreen habit and can be grown as large shrubs or small trees, reaching heights of 12-18 ft. while spreading 6-12 ft. wide. Foliage is comprised of long narrow leaves, 3-4 in. long, to 1/2 in. wide. Flowers are inconspicuous, but large ...Abstract. Context Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq (Sapindaceae) has been used in traditional medicine as antimalarial, antidiabetic and antibacterial agent, but further investigations are needed.. Objective This study determines the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of six compounds (1–6) and two crystals (1A and 3A) … Dordogne River. The Dordogne River flowing through Périgord, France. Dordogne River, river in southwestern France, rising in the Massif Central and flowing west for 293 mi (472 km) to Bec d’Ambès, north of Bordeaux, where it unites with the Garonne to form the Gironde Estuary; its drainage basin is about 9,300 sq mi (24,000 sq km). Get involved. The Royal Horticultural Society is the UK’s leading gardening charity. We aim to enrich everyone’s life through plants, and make the UK a greener and more beautiful place. Join the RHS today and save 25%.Mar 27, 2024 · Home. Project, Portfolio & Program Management Software. Task Management Software. DoneDone Reviews. 4.6 out of 5 stars. 5 star. 78% 4 star. 19% 3 star. 2% 2 star. 0% 1 star. 0% See all 82 DoneDone reviews. 82 reviews. 1 discussion. Save to My Lists. Claimed. This profile has been claimed by DoneDone, but it has limited features. 2023. 1. Château des Milandes. 1,919. Points of Interest & Landmarks. Built in 1489, the stunning Chateau des Milandes in the heart of the Black Perigord on the south bank of the Dordogne became home to the black … This striking 16th-century Italian Renaissance–style house opposite Cathédrale St-Sacerdos is the birthplace of writer Étienne de la Boétie (1530–63). 1. 2. Discover the best attractions in The Dordogne including Grotte de Lascaux, Grotte de Font de Gaume, and Château de Castelnaud. In fact, the word " Dordogne " has two different meanings. In the oldest sense of the word, it is a long river, a tributary of the Gironde, that rises in the Massif du Sancy in the Auvergne and meets the Gironde near Bordeaux. The second meaning of the word is a French department (county), the "Département de la Dordogne", surrounding a long ... DoDEA is responsible for planning, directing, coordinating, and managing prekindergarten through 12th grade educational programs on behalf of the Department of Defense (DoD). DoDEA operates 160 accredited schools in 8 districts located in 11 foreign countries, 7 states, Guam, and Puerto Rico. The aim of this study was to identify an anti-inflammatory compound from D. viscosa leaves. The structure of this bioactive substance was elucidated by IR and NMR studies, which indicated that this natural product corresponds to hautriwaic acid (HA). This diterpene exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13 …The Bergerac wine -growing region, a subregion of South West France around the town of Bergerac in the Dordogne department, comprises 93 communes. Its boundaries correspond more or less with those of the Arrondissement of Bergerac, immediately east of the Bordeaux wine region. 1,200 wine-growers cultivate an area of 12,000 hectares (30,000 …~ 43 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal Fig 1: IR spectra of Standard saponin Fig 2: IR spectra of saponin extracted from Dodonaea viscosa. 1 e 16 on 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 400 595 55 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 %T T T 999.14cm-1, 325.13%TDordogne River. The Dordogne River flowing through Périgord, France. Dordogne River, river in southwestern France, rising in the Massif Central and flowing west for 293 mi (472 km) to Bec d’Ambès, north of …Dordogne River. The Dordogne River flowing through Périgord, France. Dordogne River, river in southwestern France, rising in the Massif Central and flowing west for 293 mi (472 km) to Bec d’Ambès, north of … Dordogne Travel Guide. March 26, 2024. Europe, France. The most quintessential French getaway, the Dordogne is beloved among tourists and locals alike for its picturesque countryside, fortified towns and rich historic significance. Our destination experts have combed the various towns and villages to find the best chateaux and villas in ... This plant is the only one of the three found in wet areas. Apparently endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. [Joel Lau, Botanist] (2) D. viscosa [syn. D. angustifolia, D. eriocarpa, D. spaulata ], widespread and pan-tropic but in the Hawaiian Islands this plant is primarily found in open, mesic to dry sites on all the Main Islands. Abstract. The aerial parts of DODONAEA VISCOSA afforded a new diterpenoid, dodonic acid, the structure and stereochemistry of which have been established by chemical and spectroscopic means. The aerial parts of DODONAEA VISCOSA afforded a new diterpenoid, dodonic acid, the structure and stereochemistry of which have been …Vodafone & Idea are now Vi Explore Vi Max Postpaid Plans, Prepaid, New Connection, Vi Games, Hungama Music on Vi App & many more. In fact, the word " Dordogne " has two different meanings. In the oldest sense of the word, it is a long river, a tributary of the Gironde, that rises in the Massif du Sancy in the Auvergne and meets the Gironde near Bordeaux. The second meaning of the word is a French department (county), the "Département de la Dordogne", surrounding a long ... 14 years ago. You should go to Bordeaux and see the museum to the French WW2 resistance. Bordeaux Museums: Centre National Jean Moulin - Place Jean Moulin, Bordeaux, 33000, France, FR. Tel: +33 05 56 79 66 00. This museum was set up in 1967 to commemorate the role played by the French Resistance during World War Two.Introduction. Dodonaea viscosa, a drought tolerant species that has good adaptability to harsh environmental conditions [], was planted to control rocky desertification in southwestern China starting in the 1980s.Shrubs may be more successful than trees in overcoming drought in karst areas [].With the increase in atmospheric carbon (C) dioxide …IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219doedaone.org is ranked #83722 in TR with 2.23K Traffic. Categories: . Learn more about website traffic, market share, and more!Just sign up for a free trial, invite your team, and start getting things done with DoneDone. DoneDone simplifies task management for small businesses. Our SaaS product offers a …Find your perfect Dordogne villa rental. Book directly or with help from our local experts. The Dordogne region is attractive hilly countryside, full of old villages, castles, small country towns, with plenty of scope for a relaxing holiday. Find loads of top tips and local insights in our Dordogne Where to stay guide. Start your search. Lascaux Caves are in the Dordogne Department of France just a few kilometres from the popular town of Montignac and are a very popular Dordogne tourist attraction. Discovered in 1940 Lascaux caves showcase some of the most exceptional examples of pre-historic art in the world. The caves of Lascaux are set out is a series of ‘rooms’ and ... 2023. 1. Château des Milandes. 1,919. Points of Interest & Landmarks. Built in 1489, the stunning Chateau des Milandes in the heart of the Black Perigord on the south bank of the Dordogne became home to the black …Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia, synonym Dodonaea angustifolia, [1] ( sand olive) is a slender shrub or small tree that occurs naturally from southern Africa to Arabia, as well as in Australia and New Zealand. The seed capsules are three-winged and are dispersed by wind. Although occurring in rocky areas, it is also cultivated to stabilise ...doedaone.net is ranked #2004 in TR with 617.63K Traffic. Categories: . Learn more about website traffic, market share, and more!Dordogne River Cruises. With landscapes that seem to be taken out of a fairytale, France is undeniably a leading destination for river cruises, and the Dordogne River is no exception. Passing through mesmerizing little towns like La Roque-Gageac or Saint Emilion, a Dordogne river cruise through Aquitaine will allow you to experience …Get involved. The Royal Horticultural Society is the UK’s leading gardening charity. We aim to enrich everyone’s life through plants, and make the UK a greener and more beautiful place. Join the RHS today and save 25%.To get a new postpaid connection, you will need a valid Proof of Identity (POI) or Proof of Address (POA): The documents valid are original copy of Aadhar card, E-Aadhar (color …Mar 7, 2024 · Train to Dordogne. The Dordogne is reasonably accessible by high-speed train. The main stations are Périgueux, Bergerac, Sarlat and Brive. These are all accessible from Bordeaux, Paris, Lyon and Toulouse. Once you reach the Dordogne, onward travel throughout the region is difficult. Vodafone & Idea are now Vi Explore Vi Max Postpaid Plans, Prepaid, New Connection, Vi Games, Hungama Music on Vi App & many more.Hop Bush is a Versatile Landscaping Solution. This native desert shrub has attractive, evergreen foliage and a similar growth habit to oleander. They grow up to 12 feet tall or prune to a shorter height. Use Hop Bush in the same ways as oleanders to provide a nice green hedge or privacy screen. Hop bush flower.ドドナエアは葉の色の変化を楽しめるオージープランツです。晩秋に赤く色づき、冬に近づくにつれ葉の色は赤から褐色へ変化します。常緑樹でありながら紅葉が楽しめ、冬の寂しくなりがちなお庭に彩りを添えます。耐寒性があり、暖冬地では地植えでも育てることができます。この記事では ...
Domme, a pretty village with a view of the Dordogne. The incredible panoramic views from the historic village of Domme surely make it one of the prettiest villages in the Dordogne. Founded in 1281, this fortified medieval town served as a key defence point in the Hundred Years War between France and England.. Jadechainz
Use it as a backdrop for a bed of colorful perennials, deciduous plants, or hardscape. Botanical Name: Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea'. Common Name: Purple Hopseed Bush. Average Landscape Size: 8-12' x 12-16'. Plant Type: Evergreen. Bloom Color: Inconspicuous. Foliage Color: Golden/green, Purple/Red. Forms: Shrub. Sizes: 1, 5 & 15 …The Bergerac wine -growing region, a subregion of South West France around the town of Bergerac in the Dordogne department, comprises 93 communes. Its boundaries correspond more or less with those of the Arrondissement of Bergerac, immediately east of the Bordeaux wine region. 1,200 wine-growers cultivate an area of 12,000 hectares (30,000 …Category I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused. Category II - Species that have shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities.General Information. Scientific name: Dodonaea viscosa Pronunciation: doe-DOE-nee-uh viss-KOE-suh Common name(s): varnish leaf, hopbush, Florida hopbush Family: Sapindaceae Plant type: tree USDA hardiness zones: 9 through 11 (Figure 4) Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round …Feb 23, 2023 · This 5-day Dordogne road trip from Montignac to Sarlat-la-Canéda explores the great sites of Dordogne-Périgord Noir, Dordogne’s most touristy part. From the Vézère Valley to the Dordogne Valley, this Dordogne route will allow you a few days to unwind and enjoy good food, wine, and a slower pace of life. Read on for the description of this ... Dodonaea viscosa Akeake. $1.50. Ake Ake, scientifically known as Dodonaea viscosa, is an evergreen shrub or small tree. Description: Size: Ake Ake can vary in size depending on the growing conditions. It typically grows as a shrub, ranging from 1 to 4 meters in height, but it can occasionally grow into a small tree up to 10 meters tall.General Information. Scientific name: Dodonaea viscosa Pronunciation: doe-DOE-nee-uh viss-KOE-suh Common name(s): varnish leaf, hopbush, Florida hopbush Family: Sapindaceae Plant type: tree USDA hardiness zones: 9 through 11 (Figure 4) Planting month for zone 9: year round Planting month for zone 10 and 11: year round …FacebookPricing - DoneDone | Manage projects and customers in one task, bug and issue tracker software. Pricing that’s simple, transparent, and affordable. Pay for who uses what. No …Dodonaea – named in honour of Rembert Dodoens ( Rembertus Dodonaeus) (1517-1585), a Flemish Physician and Botanist who is regarded as one of the fathers of modern botany. His book, The Cruydeboeck – was one of the most famous and translated plant books of the 16th Century. boroniifolia – Latin – having foliage …Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work and learn and pay our respects to their Elders past and present.Vodafone Idea FPO allotment: Jefferies India, Axis Capital and SBI Capital Markets are the book running lead managers of the Vodafone Idea FPO, while Link … Purple Hopseed Bush. Your climate might be too cold for this plant: A great show of color with bronze-green foliage that turns deep purple-red in fall. Pinkish fruit brightens the plant in summer. Dense branches can be trimmed as a hedge or espalier; left unpruned, it makes a superb evergreen screen. Water when top 3 inches of soil is dry. Dordogne River. Referred to as “La Dordogne” in French, the Dordogne River is a 300.2 miles-long river that flows in the south-central and southwestern parts of France.The name “Dordogne” has ….