Accelerate Quality Inspection Through Laser Scanning. For more than 25 years, Nikon’s pioneering and class-leading 3D laser scanners, whether fully automated or operated manually, have enabled rapid digitization of parts by optically capturing millions of high-precision points. They reduce inspection time and offer greater insight for ...3D laser scanning is a specific type of 3D scanning technology that employs lasers to measure distances and create a highly accurate and detailed 3D representation …Laser scanning is a technique which can be used to gather data about an object or environment which can be used to create a 3D model or detailed reconstruction.There are a huge number of applications for laser scanning, ranging from the highly specialized laser scanning confocal microscopy used in scientific labs to the …These types of surfaces include dark, shiny, and transparent surfaces. It’s due to how the 3D scanner interacts with these types of surfaces that causes a less than ideal scanning condition. Optical light-based 3D scanners (i.e. laser, structured-light) use light as a projection source. Using a structured-light 3D scanner as an example, the ...Feb 18, 2022 · The Einstar is an easy-to-use, affordable and handheld 3D scanner from the Chinese manufacturer Shining 3D. It brings professional-grade performance at an attractive price point under $1,000. Contact manufacturer Add to comparison. Selection This product is featured in a buyer’s guide. So, let’s take a look at the following use cases for 3D laser scanning in construction. 1. Mapping Existing Site Conditions in Renovation Projects. To kick off a renovation project, an architect must base their design on the building owner’s as-built drawings. The problem with this is that as-builts are rarely accurate and in many cases ...3D Pro specialises in reverse engineering, 3D laser scanning and 3D CAD modelling. Any object from the size of a matchbox to a car can be accurately scanned, digitised, and then recreated in 3D CAD. This process is beneficial to companies in many ways, some of …3D laser scanning is a construction technology that has become popular in home building thanks to its ability to quickly produce highly accurate 3D home measurements. 3D laser scanning, also known as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) or high definition surveying (HDS), uses a handheld device to scan the entire home 一 all of …Wireless Laser Scanning. To increase the applications in which a Nikon laser scanner can be used, Nikon has developed wireless data communication technology for its LC15Dx and L100 laser scanners. This technology extends the applications of these scanners from usage on CMMs to other types of devices, such as CNC machining centers, hybrid ...The 3D laser scanning technology called the accurate scene reproduction technology can support the 3D design of all kinds of tested objectives in the favorable data. It simplifies the construction project cost and improves work efficiency, but the results of its data evaluation are more reliable and comprehensive. During the last half of the ...iReal M3 3D Scanner. iReal M Series Color 3D Scanner (M stands for Master) is a brand-new professional 3D scanner series launched by SCANTECH. Its infrared laser and structured-light modes enable seamless 3D data acquisition across various applications, whether scanning humans or objects, indoors or outdoors. Read More.Laser Scanning. 3D laser scanning is a non-contact, non-destructive technology that digitally captures the shape of physical objects using a line of laser light. In other words, 3D laser scanning is a way to capture a physical object’s exact size and shape into the computer world as a digital three-dimensional representation.Experience Trimble’s extensive reality capture portfolio during Geo Week 2024, Feb. 11-13, in Denver, Colorado, US, and learn how these solutions are expediting …Feb 14, 2023 · Laser scanning, high-definition surveying (HDS), or reality capture, is a type of laser survey done to map an area to a high level of accuracy. Data collected from the method is known as “point cloud,” and creates a database of connecting points in a 3D coordinate system. The technology has been available since the 1960s, but it wasn’t ... SHINING 3D, founded in 2004, focuses on the research & development, manufacturing, and application of high-precision 3D digital products. The company is committed to becoming a 3D digital technology company with global influence, promoting the popularization and application of 3D digital technology, offering accessible efficient high-tech solutions.3D confocal laser-scanning microscopy for large-area imaging of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus. Stephan Allgeier 1, Andreas Bartschat 1, Sebastian Bohn 2, Sabine Peschel 3, Klaus-Martin Reichert 1,3D laser scanning processes, services may soon become familiar. 3D scanning has seen a transformation that has brought increased accuracy, quicker scanning and improved performance. In addition to distance measurements-controlled guiding of laser beams allows the operation [[33], [34], [35]]. An internal rotary encoder within the unit …An example of a two-mirror galvanometric laser scanning method is the optical head tracking system proposed by Wagner et al. [4] ... Experimental results show that our method has high precision and can achieve 3D reconstruction of objects with complex surfaces and high-reflectivity or low reflectivity surfaces, and has great potential …Feb 18, 2022 · The Einstar is an easy-to-use, affordable and handheld 3D scanner from the Chinese manufacturer Shining 3D. It brings professional-grade performance at an attractive price point under $1,000. Contact manufacturer Add to comparison. Selection This product is featured in a buyer’s guide. The RTC360 3D laser scanner is the solution for professionals to manage project complexities with accurate and reliable 3D representations and discover the possibilities …Laser Scanning. 3D laser scanning is a non-contact, non-destructive technology that digitally captures the shape of physical objects using a line of laser light. In other words, 3D laser scanning is a way to capture a physical object’s exact size and shape into the computer world as a digital three-dimensional representation.3D laser scanning is a construction, engineering, and architectural tool often used to document the existing conditions (as-builts) of any structure. 3D laser scanners use …So, let’s take a look at the following use cases for 3D laser scanning in construction. 1. Mapping Existing Site Conditions in Renovation Projects. To kick off a renovation project, an architect must base their design on the building owner’s as-built drawings. The problem with this is that as-builts are rarely accurate and in many cases ...Step 1: Build in preparation time. Preparation is vital. Creating the right site plan is fundamental to any project where laser scanning/federated 3D modelling is concerned. Ensure that you have allocated sufficient time as part of your project’s site investigation stage for the right people to get on-site, set up the site plan and generate a ...Jan 1, 2021 · In view of the characteristics of the SSD of large polished optics, the confocal laser scanning and 3D reconstruction methods are proposed in this paper. The 3D confocal laser scanning is realized by the galvo and piezo stage in a small area with high accuracy, which is not limited by the weight and size of the sample. Unmanned Laser Scanning Laser Scanning utilizing high-end unmanned airborne platforms provides the possibility to acquire data in dangerous and/or hard-to-reach areas, while offering an excellent cost-to-benefit-ratio for numerous applications. ... trains, road and off-road vehicles) also known as kinematic laser scanning. Both RIEGL 2D and 3D ...as-built reference for boats, ships & vessels. 3D laser scanning can capture the exterior or interior of a sea-going vessel. Any sized boat, ship or vessel can be scanned. For smaller boats (depending on location) this can be done in a day. The scan can be turned into 2D drawings for use by a naval architect, or into 3D solid models for various ... Sales Manager. 3D laser scanning allows you to capture complete as-builts in a fraction of the time of hand measuring, with 2-4 mm accuracy. In most cases our Project Managers can scan a project in a day or two and our design team can quickly interpret that data into the maps, models, and drawings you need.Jan 1, 2021 · In view of the characteristics of the SSD of large polished optics, the confocal laser scanning and 3D reconstruction methods are proposed in this paper. The 3D confocal laser scanning is realized by the galvo and piezo stage in a small area with high accuracy, which is not limited by the weight and size of the sample. A push-broom 3D LiDAR. (a) The prototype in [16-18]; (b) left: the prototype in [19], in which the red device mounted above is a ladybug panoramic camera, it is used to perceive colors.While time is certainly involved, 3D laser scanning and modeling are exponentially quicker than any traditional process done by hand. Our team of surveyors, modelers, and engineers are seasoned veterans in the geospatial world that tailor every piece of data to you and your project in the best and most effective way possible. All projects are ...3D laser scanning is a construction, engineering, and architectural tool often used to document the existing conditions (as-builts) of any structure. 3D laser scanners use …In recent years, 3D laser scanning has been added to the CMC's documentation procedures. Researchers at the CMC create as many 3D scans as possible for the individuals in the collections. Scanning is focused on crania, mandibles, and skeletal elements with anomalies or pathological lesions. The remains of infants and sub-adults …What Is Laser Scanning? – Simply Explained. by Leo Gregurić. Published May 4, 2023. Laser scanning is a powerful technology used across wide-ranging industries. Read on to learn all about laser scanning and how it works!A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (i.e. color). The collected data can then be used to construct ...Experience Trimble’s extensive reality capture portfolio during Geo Week 2024, Feb. 11-13, in Denver, Colorado, US, and learn how these solutions are expediting …3D scanning is a non-contact form of measurement that captures the three-dimensional shape of a target object through the use of a projected light source. Optical scanners typically project a white or blue striped pattern onto the target object, and measure the displacement of the lines to construct the 3D model. Whether your team uses 3D laser scanning or prefers traditional surveying methods, having the right equipment is essential to closing out a construction job. When purchasing special equipment feels like an expensive disruption to your workflow, BigRentz lightens your load with hassle-free rentals. With service areas across the United States …Overall, Scantech 3D laser scanning is a powerful tool for capturing and digitizing real-world objects and environments with precision and detail, making it valuable for a wide range of applications. 3D laser scanning is a specific type of 3D scanning technology that employs lasers to measure distances and create a highly accurate and …Architecture, Engineering & Construction Scanning. Collect high-density 3D geospatial data from entire buildings, factories, scenes, and other big structures and locations, both inside and out. Using the 3D measurements captured the as-built of actual conditions can be seen in a 3D virtual world. Laser Design’s metrology lab remains open to ... While time is certainly involved, 3D laser scanning and modeling are exponentially quicker than any traditional process done by hand. Our team of surveyors, modelers, and engineers are seasoned veterans in the geospatial world that tailor every piece of data to you and your project in the best and most effective way possible. The new scan mode for the FARO Focus Premium Laser Scanner is available as an add-on subscription that combines the accuracy of a 3D scan with the speed of a panoramic camera – enabling fast scans in under 30 seconds with colorized 360° images that save up to 50% scanning time. Schedule a Live Demo. Sense 2 from 3D systems is a handheld device that uses best-in-class technology to scan full-color objects. It is the upgraded version of the Original Sense 3D scanner from Cubify. Like its previous version, it uses Intel RealSense sensor and structured light technology. It is lightweight, easy, and fast to use.An example of a two-mirror galvanometric laser scanning method is the optical head tracking system proposed by Wagner et al. [4] ... Experimental results show that our method has high precision and can achieve 3D reconstruction of objects with complex surfaces and high-reflectivity or low reflectivity surfaces, and has great potential …3D Laser scanning has become the most efficient way of creating or verifying 3D As-Built models. AsBuilt specializes in laser scanning & modelling services throughout South Africa and neighbouring countries.3D Laser Scanning. 3D facility scanning technology and capabilities have continued to improve and evolve; ENG brings our clients the best scanning hardware along with the knowledge to back it up. Leveraging Trimble, Faro and Leica’s most sophisticated field scanning hardware, ENG can scan any facility for true as-built point cloud measuring.Jan 18, 2021 · The urgent need to improve performance in the construction industry has led to the adoption of many innovative technologies. 3D laser scanners are amongst the leading technologies being used to capture and process assets or construction project data for use in various applications. Due to its nascent nature, many questions are still unanswered about 3D laser scanning, which in turn contribute ... Advances in the scientific fields of photogrammetry and computer vision have led to the development of automated multi-image methods that solve the problem of 3D reconstruction. Simultaneously, 3D scanners have become a common source of data acquisition for 3D modeling of real objects/scenes/human bodies. This article presents a …A case study on reverse engineering using a handheld 3D laser scanner is conducted to compare with the findings in literature. In the case study, a 3D printed component with complex internal features is 3D scanned and the point cloud is optimized before two different surface modelling techniques are tested. The dimensional errors of …In this paper, confocal laser scanning and 3D reconstruction methods for the SSD of polished optics are proposed. 3D scanning of sub-apertures is realized by a galvo and piezo stage and a XY stage, and the images are stitched together to construct a volume data field. A modified Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm is proposed to quickly …Laser scanning is a technique which can be used to gather data about an object or environment which can be used to create a 3D model or detailed reconstruction.There are a huge number of applications for laser scanning, ranging from the highly specialized laser scanning confocal microscopy used in scientific labs to the …The core principles of 3D laser scanning technology encompass four primary areas: distance measurement, angular displacement, scanning, …Physical modelling – Once you have converted the point cloud into a solid the file can be outputted to a 3D printer however its always a good job to check your scaling! As-Built Documentation. In the same way a survey is completed to prepare and design a project 3D laser scanning can be used to verify a project. Unless specific to a project ...The solution is (9) t = p x M x − p y M y + p z M z ( u − u o) δ x M x − ( v − v o) δ y M y + f M z. Eq. (9) permits to compute in the camera frame, the points coordinates of the scanning belt on the object surfaces, starting to its image coordinates ( u, v ). In this way it is possible to do a 3-D objects reconstruction by means of a ...The 3D laser scanning technology called the accurate scene reproduction technology can support the 3D design of all kinds of tested objectives in the favorable data. It simplifies the construction project cost and improves work efficiency, but the results of its data evaluation are more reliable and comprehensive. During the last half of the ...With the high-accuracy, long-range, wireless Ray II laser 3D scanner you can precisely and rapidly capture large to massive objects, scenes or areas, and from up to 130 m away. Expect 3D point accuracy that meets high professional standards and best-in-angular-class accuracy. Ideal for precise capture of huge objects such as wind turbines, ship ... Industrial 3D laser scanners. Laser scanners play a key role in quality assurance. 3D digital capture of shapes and surfaces using lasers is an effortless and precise process. The industry uses laser scanners primarily for the quality control of geometries and surface, but also for reverse engineering, fit and finish, and assembly applications. By moving a commercial 2D LiDAR, 3D maps of the environment can be built, based on the data of a 2D LiDAR and its movements. Compared to a commercial 3D LiDAR, a moving 2D LiDAR is more economical. A series of problems need to be solved in order for a moving 2D LiDAR to perform better, among them, improving accuracy and real-time …A 3D printer is a very versatile fabrication machine, directly turning software structures into real objects. Such printing processes have been developed for a range of materials, including metals, ceramics and polymers. Operation Principle. Laser 3D printing methods generally work as follows: Figure 1: Laser 3D printing with stereolithography.First, you place the object or the person you want to scan to stand somewhere where you can walk around it/her/him. Then, you start the scanning procedure as indicated by the app, and the sensors of the camera of your mobile phone collect all the needed data. Once the 3D scanning is finished, and the data is collected, the app turns them into ...Abstract—With the rapid development of computer graphics and vision, several three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques have been proposed and used to obtain the 3D representation of objects in the form of point cloud models, mesh models, and geometric models. The cost of 3D reconstruction is declining due to the maturing of this ...The Best 3D Scanners for 3D Printing of 2023. by Rahul Ramaswamy. Published Nov 15, 2023. Advertisement. With a 3D scanner for your 3D printer, you can reverse-engineer objects to your heart's content. Read on for the best scanners!3D printers use specific digital files to create three-dimensional physical parts and other objects. They are particularly useful for fabricating parts with complex or irregular geometry that might otherwise be difficult to construct, along with creating working samples of unique prototypes for testing, development, and manufacturing. Clearly, the applications for this …Albion Marine Solutions Ltd. provides 3D laser scanning, 3D modeling, design, and drafting services with related industrial engineering applications to the maritime, offshore, construction, and oil and gas sectors. Every scan precisely locates/positions millions of data point within a given space. The 3D point cloud that is established can be ...Jan 18, 2021 · The urgent need to improve performance in the construction industry has led to the adoption of many innovative technologies. 3D laser scanners are amongst the leading technologies being used to capture and process assets or construction project data for use in various applications. Due to its nascent nature, many questions are still unanswered about 3D laser scanning, which in turn contribute ... Sense 2 from 3D systems is a handheld device that uses best-in-class technology to scan full-color objects. It is the upgraded version of the Original Sense 3D scanner from Cubify. Like its previous version, it uses Intel RealSense sensor and structured light technology. It is lightweight, easy, and fast to use.Aerial laser scanning (ALS) has been recognized as the most suitable means of large-scale 3D point cloud data (PCD) acquisition. PCD can produce geometric detail of a scanned surface. However, it ...3D reality capture solution combining a high-performance laser scanner and mobile-device app to capture and pre-register scans in real time.3D laser scanning can be used to capture piping, structures, equipment, civil and electrical layouts. LASER SCANNING. 3D LASER SCANNING PROCESS. 3D Scan & Registration. Using the Leica ScanStation P series which delivers the highest quality 3D data and High-Dynamic Range (HDR), we conduct a 3D scan of the interior and exterior of your building.Industrial 3D Scanners. Starting at $33,450, the ATOS series of high-quality industrial non-contact structured blue light 3D scanners provide precision scans with detailed resolution at high speeds. ATOS is engineered with advanced hardware and intelligent software for repeatable accurate measurements with flexibility and process reliability.Learn how Trimble delivers the accuracy, range and durability to deliver scan data of as-built conditions, data analysis, renovation models and more.iReal M3 3D Scanner. iReal M Series Color 3D Scanner (M stands for Master) is a brand-new professional 3D scanner series launched by SCANTECH. Its infrared laser and structured-light modes enable seamless 3D data acquisition across various applications, whether scanning humans or objects, indoors or outdoors. Read More.Scantech 3D product scanners can be used for 3D inspection to ensure that the parts or products meet the design specifications, identify defects or flaws, and improve efficiency and productivity. They can scan complex shapes and conduct non-contact measurements to enhance inspection workflows. 3D Measurement. Part Inspection.3D Laser Scanning There are two main technologies in 3D scanning using lasers: those that measure time of flight and those based on triangulation. Many 3D scanners are based on time-of-flight technology, whereby a …Fortunately, non-contact 3D laser scanning’s forte is very accurately recreating difficult organic shapes, such as those found in the field of dentistry, which puts a smile on everyone’s face. The manufacture of any 21st century part requires a CAD model—a digitized replica of the item— because manufacturing processes are highly ...Creaform professional 3D scanners, such as the Go!SCAN SPARK, make reverse engineering more efficient, faster, and simpler. Scan-to-CAD bridge software, such as VXModel, leads you back to your preferred CAD software faster than any other solution, so you can get back to the joy of designing and innovating! Article written by Creaform. The use of 3D scans is already quite popular in the dental sector, for example, to observe, simulate options, or even create some dental devices, like braces, implants, and dentures. Using 3D scanning and 3D printing is perfect to avoid all the disadvantages of molds and the whole process of creating these molds. 3D scanning has numerous benefits. A scan can be achieved in about 2 seconds and the scanning area is also quite large. Just like laser scanners, structured light scanners are extremely accurate and offer a high resolution. One of the downsides of this type of scanner is that they are sensitive to the lighting conditions in a given environment. This is less true of laser scanners.3D Scan Spray To achieve optimal accuracy and results with 3D laser scanning it is often necessary to apply an anti-reflection coating. Helling 3D Scan Spray is especially designed for this purpose, providing a great solution for coverage. 3D Scan Spray Features: Provides more uniform coverage using less spray material due to proprietary reflective …3D Laser Scanning in Engineering. High-definition surveying (HDS), or “laser scanning,” is a new method used by integrated design-build firms to capture a highly detailed 3D image of a construction project. Instead of using cameras to capture this virtual image, lasers (which are much more accurate) are employed.While time is certainly involved, 3D laser scanning and modeling are exponentially quicker than any traditional process done by hand. Our team of surveyors, modelers, and engineers are seasoned veterans in the geospatial world that tailor every piece of data to you and your project in the best and most effective way possible. All projects are ...Then corresponding 3D point in point cloud after deformation is confirmed with the help of images and 3D deformation is calculated. The proposed method can be divided into three steps. Firstly, the relationship between image point and 3D point in point cloud such as A and B are established based on system calibration results.The global Safety Laser Scanners market, currently valued at US$286.3 million in 2022, is on an upward trajectory with expectations to reach a market size of …3D scanning process: 3D scanning is a technique for creating digital 3D models of objects, structures, environments, and even people by collecting data about their shape and appearance. 3D scanning techniques: There are several different 3D scanning techniques, such as contact, laser, structured light, laser pulse, and photogrammetry, …Architecture, Engineering & Construction Scanning. Collect high-density 3D geospatial data from entire buildings, factories, scenes, and other big structures and locations, both inside and out. Using the 3D measurements captured the as-built of actual conditions can be seen in a 3D virtual world. Laser Design’s metrology lab remains open to ... A case study on reverse engineering using a handheld 3D laser scanner is conducted to compare with the findings in literature. In the case study, a 3D printed component with complex internal features is 3D scanned and the point cloud is optimized before two different surface modelling techniques are tested. The dimensional errors of …
Advances in the scientific fields of photogrammetry and computer vision have led to the development of automated multi-image methods that solve the problem of 3D reconstruction. Simultaneously, 3D scanners have become a common source of data acquisition for 3D modeling of real objects/scenes/human bodies. This article presents a …. 70 72 monte carlo for sale
Reverse engineering. Scanning the undercarriage of a car with short-range laser …3D laser scanning uses cutting edge technology to collect, measure and document reality. The captured data is processed using advanced software to create highly detailed 3D visualizations. These 3D datasets are extremely accurate digital representations of buildings, infrastructure, utilities, interiors and more to drive actionable decision ...Industrial 3D Scanners. Starting at $33,450, the ATOS series of high-quality industrial non-contact structured blue light 3D scanners provide precision scans with detailed resolution at high speeds. ATOS is engineered with advanced hardware and intelligent software for repeatable accurate measurements with flexibility and process reliability.Feb 29, 2016 · Here, we introduce a laser scanning holographic method for 3D exposure in thick photoresist that combines the unique advantages of large area 3D holographic interference lithography (HIL) with the ... Sep 27, 2023 · Laser scanning is a powerful technique for capturing the shape and details of real-world objects and environments. It can be used for various purposes, such as creating realistic 3D models ... Fortunately, non-contact 3D laser scanning’s forte is very accurately recreating difficult organic shapes, such as those found in the field of dentistry, which puts a smile on everyone’s face. The manufacture of any 21st century part requires a CAD model—a digitized replica of the item— because manufacturing processes are highly ...Dec 22, 2023 · Courtesy of BIM Facility AG. By converting gas station convenience stores into SPAR Express mini-marts using fast 3D laser scanning, digital twins, and the cloud, Swiss retailer SPAR Handels AG is expecting to increase revenue by up to 10%. Laser scanning creates point clouds for generating precise, up-to-date plans for store renovations. Confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy ( CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy ( LSCM ), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. [1]The 3D laser scanning technology called the accurate scene reproduction technology can support the 3D design of all kinds of tested objectives in the favorable data. It simplifies the construction project cost and improves work efficiency, but the results of its data evaluation are more reliable and comprehensive. During the last half of the ...Wireless Laser Scanning. To increase the applications in which a Nikon laser scanner can be used, Nikon has developed wireless data communication technology for its LC15Dx and L100 laser scanners. This technology extends the applications of these scanners from usage on CMMs to other types of devices, such as CNC machining centers, hybrid ... PBWC Architects uses 3D lidar scan to win permission for Cornwall house. Cornish firm PBWC Architects has utilised 3D laser- scanning technology to create an accurate model of the rocky site and ...Laser scanning for 3D documentation can be a faster method produces a more comprehensive report. Alignment Checks. Alignment checks of derricks and tower can be completed with ease using 3D scanning. The high accuracy ensures that the misalignment of even a 10 -20 over a length of 10m can be identified.The powerful compact particle accelerators that could result from this advance might find applications such as cancer therapies and 3D imaging of new 3D …If you find yourself in the position of having to shop around for 3D laser scanning services, we understand that it can be a daunting task. Company A charges $3,000 to scan a building, and Company B charges $10,000 to do the same thing. If you are new to 3D scanning, this can be especially confusing. We’d like to offer some insight on how 3D ...To improve the accuracy of laser-contour profile devices, we propose a 3D laser scanning system with high accuracy that includes camera and laser plane calibration, and laser-stripe center extraction. First, a calibration device was designed and manufactured, from which the fiducial points can be easily and accurately detected to …Laser scanning is a technique which can be used to gather data about an object or environment which can be used to create a 3D model or detailed reconstruction.There are a huge number of applications for laser scanning, ranging from the highly specialized laser scanning confocal microscopy used in scientific labs to the …Apr 4, 2020 · A long-range laser scanner is one way to get your scan. With Artec Ray, for example, the laser technology makes its way around the room, creating a point cloud. To capture the room in its entirety, you may need to place the scanner in several points. With Ray, this ensures that everything you’re scanning within 110 meters (and even if you ... .