Can you buy used catalytic converters - Depending on the type of car that it’s from, a thief can sell a stolen catalytic converter for anywhere from $300 to $1,500. And, since converters don’t have your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) or your license plate number on them, a thief can sell stolen converters to legitimate used auto-part resellers without the owner being any the ...

 
Catalytic converter theft is on the rise and to a shocking degree. Theft of this pricey part rose 325 percent nationwide between 2019 and 2020, according to the National Insurance Crime Bureau .... What is how to become

To get the most money for your used catalytic converter, you should sell it online. They have lower operating costs than a typical scrap or junkyard. Catalytic converters require a sophisticated understanding of rare metals like rhodium, palladium, and platinum, and sellers can find such purchasers on the Internet.You can choose a car with the converter in the hood or one with beads in it. The best choice, however, is an electric car. Insurance. This is more of a remedy than a prevention option, as it helps in the replacement of the catalytic converters in case of theft. Depending on the kind of insurance you choose, you can get your catalytic converter ...The metals in catalytic converters are catalysts. Catalysts are compounds that trigger a chemical reaction without being affected themselves. Catalytic converters have a honeycomb structure because it provides a lot of surface area for a lot of reactions. Catalytic converters use elements like Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), and Rhodium …Sell Your Used Catalytic Converter | UK ️ Scrap Catalytic Converters Price List ⭐ Lookup Global Service Of All Catalysts AutoCatalystMarket. 0 ... Navigating the maze of buying or selling scrap catalytic converters can be a head-scratcher for many. Pricing these essential components accurately, finding the right buyer, and even knowing ...An aftermarket catalytic converter that meets the EPA requirements will be labeled and should be warrantied for five years or 50,000 miles. Catalytic converters from junk or salvage yards are only acceptable to the EPA if they have been tested and labeled. Buying a cheap aftermarket catalytic converter could cost you big in the long run.We are a leader in catalytic converter purchasing and processing throughout the United States. With special access to the industry’s largest and most accurate catalytic converter database, we provide our customers industry leading financial returns and transparency. We exclusively buy from businesses and individuals with a business license.Dec 24, 2020 · Two of the three rare earth metals used in catalytic converters are worth more per ounce than gold. Palladium spot prices are currently more than $2300 (gold is about $1900), a 20 percent increase ... Auto Buying & Selling; Emissions Codes P0420 and P0430: Catalytic Converters. Author: Max. Updated: Sep 1, 2023 8:12 PM EDT. ... When a car's engine is skipping, the overheating that results can destroy the catalytic converter. When a car is running too cold from a long warm-up time, for example, let's say if the thermostat is bad, …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Most Common Problems Selling Catalytic Converters To Scrap Yards: Lack of Knowledge – Many scrap yards buy catalytic converters but don’t know how to grade them properly because they don’t have resources.; Inexperience – Catalytic converter recycling is new territory for many scrap yards, so they don’t know how to buy them …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Can you use a used catalytic converter? If you have to change your catalytic converter, you can choose to buy a used one for the financial aspect – an aftermarket catalytic converter will save you money at first …Give our sales department a call and we will make every attempt to find you a California approved unit at a discount price. We have a strong technical department and they can help you in figuring out any problems with the vehicle. 1-888-651-0770. New C.A.R.B. requirements for Aftermarket Catalytic Converters in California.1. Research online: Start by researching online for companies that buy and sell catalytic converters. Look at their websites to compare prices and services offered (such as a free catalytic converter price app ). Make sure to read customer reviews as well so you can get an idea of how reliable they are. 2.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. If you still have questions, you may contact CDPHE at (888) 861-2646 or [email protected]. If a CARB approved aftermarket catalytic converter cannot be identified on the CARB aftermarket catalytic converter website, or in the manufacturer’s catalog; please call (888) 861-2646 for additional guidance. The catalytic converter is a device installed in the exhaust system to significantly reduce the emission levels of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and in the case of most newer catalytic converters, oxides of nitrogen (NOx). CO and HC reduction CATs are called Two Way CATs, and CATs which reduce all three emissions are called Three-Way …Feb 28, 2023 · The catalyst component of a catalytic converter is usually platinum (Pt), along with palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh). All three of these platinum group metals, or PGMs, are extremely rare but have a broad range of applications in addition to catalytic converters. Platinum, for example, is used in laboratory and dental equipment, electrical ... Selling a catalytic converter from a junk car can be tricky for those who don't know the actual value of the part. People may seek to sell their converter from a …Dec 19, 2022 · A stolen catalytic converter can fetch a pretty penny because it is comprised of valuable metals like platinum, rhodium, and palladium. The average catalytic converter can be sold for up to $300 while hybrid converters (watch out Prius owners!) can go for almost $1,500! It’s illegal to buy or sell used catalytic converters in many states across the United States. In addition, the EPA has banned used catalytic converters that aren’t tested or labeled as replacement options. That said, some states allow converter sales as long as they adhere to the California Air Resource Board (CARB) … See moreUse higher quality fuel. The quality of the fuel you use also has an impact on the longevity of your catalytic converter. It’s recommended to use higher octane fuel since it burns cleaner and helps keep the engine clean. This, in turn, helps the catalytic converter last longer.Dec 21, 2023 · The steps for selling a used catalytic converter to a junkyard are simple, but it may take time to find a buyer who offers the right price. Locate several local junkyards via an online search. Call the top candidates and request a quote. Choose the top contender and bring the catalytic converter. These Arizona catalytic converter laws made it illegal to purchase, solicit, or advertise used catalytic converters for anyone besides authorized realtors. How to keep your catalytic converter safe While you can’t keep an eye on your catalytic converter 24/7/365, there are a couple of things you can do to help keep would-be thieves at bay:This is another reason you should never buy used catalytic converters, as you may indirectly be contributing to crime in your area. The best bet is for you to consult with your local repair facility or authorized aftermarket auto parts retailer who is able to legally sell you the correct, compliant replacement converter for your vehicle.Read on to know more. Under Arkansas state law, all cars made after the 1974 model year must have a catalytic converter approved by the EPA. When you buy a used catalytic converter, you must also follow specific state laws. All cars require catalytic converters. It can be hard to understand Arkansas’s laws about catalytic converters if cars ... Step 1. Get Oxicat Catalytic converter cleaner. The easiest way to clean a catalytic converter without removing it is by using a catalytic converter cleaner product. We recommend the OXICAT – Oxygen Sensor & Catalytic Converter Cleaner. You can find more of these products in our guide: Best Catalytic Converter Cleaners.Sell Your Used Catalytic Converter | UK ️ Scrap Catalytic Converters Price List ⭐ Lookup Global Service Of All Catalysts AutoCatalystMarket. 0 ... Navigating the maze of buying or selling scrap catalytic converters can be a head-scratcher for many. Pricing these essential components accurately, finding the right buyer, and even knowing ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. An obvious answer is – a scrap yard. While selling your catalytic converter to a scrap yard may seem a better option, be wary of those you sell to. Like the …Sell Your Used Catalytic Converter | USA ️ Scrap Catalytic Converters Price List ⭐ Lookup Global Service Of All Catalysts AutoCatalystMarket. 0 ... Navigating the maze of buying or selling scrap catalytic converters can be a head-scratcher for many. Pricing these essential components accurately, ...The metals in catalytic converters are catalysts. Catalysts are compounds that trigger a chemical reaction without being affected themselves. Catalytic converters have a honeycomb structure because it provides a lot of surface area for a lot of reactions. Catalytic converters use elements like Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), and Rhodium …The answer is: Platinum, Rhodium, and Palladium. These three precious metals are used in the catalytic converter and are what makes it so expensive to buy. Read more about Metal Recycling. The three metals can be found in the central chamber of the catalytic converter, but don’t be tempted to break into it – the inside of a catalytic ...Email To Request Quote. Check corners, under shields, and down pipes for numbers. Not all catalytic converters have numbers. Click or drag files to this area to upload. You can upload up to 20 files. To get a quote sooner, attach photos of any serial numbers and an overhead pic of the catalytic converter (s).Stolen catalytic converters are not worth buying a brand new or used catalytic converter. Typically, most thieves can only make between $50 and $250. Still, the problem is that many people buy these catalytic converters from these thieves, which makes the process evolve more and puts many vehicles at risk of stealing catalytic …Therefore, to sell your catalyst or buy, you first need to decide which model you need. From this, you can build all your plans for the future. How Is The Pricing Determined For Different Catalysts? If you decide that you want to sell an old catalytic converter, then for this you need to simply understand how to build a price.Step 1. Get Oxicat Catalytic converter cleaner. The easiest way to clean a catalytic converter without removing it is by using a catalytic converter cleaner product. We recommend the OXICAT – Oxygen Sensor & Catalytic Converter Cleaner. You can find more of these products in our guide: Best Catalytic Converter Cleaners.Catalytic converters are devices that uses precious metals to convert harmful pollutants in exhaust fumes from gasoline-powered vehicles into less harmful emissions. The …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. If you still have questions, you may contact CDPHE at (888) 861-2646 or [email protected]. If a CARB approved aftermarket catalytic converter cannot be identified on the CARB aftermarket catalytic converter website, or in the manufacturer’s catalog; please call (888) 861-2646 for additional guidance. Apr 30, 2019 · California Restrictions on Aftermarket Catalytic Converters. Effective January 1st, 2009, California enacted a new law that all California vehicles must meet California’s emission standards. If your vehicle was purchased in California anytime on or after said date, your car will not function properly without a California regulated catalytic ... Check corners, under shields, and down pipes for numbers. Not all catalytic converters have numbers. Upload Your Photos (Allows Faster Quote) Click or drag files to this area to upload. You can upload up to 20 files. To get a quote sooner, attach photos of any serial numbers and an overhead pic of the catalytic converter (s).National Catalytic Converter Buyer headquartered in New Jersey. Sell your old catalytic converter today for scrap value. Text or Email for quick and easy quotes.Here is how to use a catalytic converter price lookup tool: 1. Start by entering your vehicle’s make, model, and year into the search bar of the website or app you are using – which you can find more details in our guide on what’s a …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Below are the basics you should follow, but always check with your emissions supplier’s catalog to make sure the replacement converter is properly sourced and installed. • Install the converter in the same location as the original. • Install the same type of converter as the original (oxidation, 3-way, or 3-way-plus oxidation (dual-bed)).Oct 7, 2019 · And while that already covers parts and labors, $3,000 is still a huge amount of money. If you learn how to change a catalytic converter yourself, you can buy a new converter for $100 to $2,500 (or more). A two-way cat converter is far cheaper than a three-way cat converter. However, the three-way versions are much more common now. HB 408 (currently in committee) would ban the sale of catalytic converters without proof of ownership by amending state law 2913.71 to include the coveted part. The proposed catalytic converter legislation aims to target and restrict operations at scrap-metal dealers when it comes to purchasing these parts.Get the best deals for used catalytic converters at eBay.com. We have a great online selection at the lowest prices with Fast & Free shipping on many items!AutoCatalyst Market is the catalytic converter catalog №1 in the World! Our catalytic converter price app provides a huge database where you can: • Buy or sell your scrap catalytic converters in different regions: from the USA and Canada to Europe and South Africa. • Find out the accurate value of this auto part, based on the precious ...Oh boy a 2007 accord. You may actually have a bigger and more complicated problem than you think. What you will want to do is go look at your underhood emissions label and see what your engine family number is. If it a SULEV the problem you will find is even if you wanted to buy a new CAT there are none available.You can only replace your catalytic converter with one of the exact same make and model as the original, and it has to be in the stock location. The only exception to this rule regards "high-flow" aftermarket cats, which you may use as long as they're EPA-certified for your vehicle. The federal government says you can't touch the converter ...Catalytic Converter Scrap Prices from Subaru - January 19, 2024. Used Diesel "cat" (catalytic converter) from Subaru: $61 – $182. Used Gasoline "cat" (catalytic converter) from Subaru: $11 – $353. Used Ceramic "cat" (catalytic converter) from Subaru: $11 – …This is another reason you should never buy used catalytic converters, as you may indirectly be contributing to crime in your area. The best bet is for you to consult with …Facebook About the Author: Auto Pros Brian Hanson is an seo and search marketing expert with a passion for auto parts. Damaged or rusted catalytic converter? Find used ones for sale here at AutoProsUSA.com. A common and easy part to find, we make it even easier to buy! No need to find someone local, you can sell catalytic converters nationwide. Using our partner, RRCats.com, you can sell online quickly. Current Scrap Metal Prices; Scrap Metal Scrap Price ... Invest In Yourself DEWALT Reciprocating Saw $149.00 $118.99. 12 Amp, Corded, 2,900 RPM, 4-Position Blade Clamp, Variable Speed …Arizona’s laws about catalytic converters made it illegal for anyone but licensed realtors to buy, ask for, or advertise used catalytic converters. Depending on the age and size of your car, Arizona requires car owners to have their vehicles pass an emissions test every year or every other year. If you don’t have a catalytic converter in ...Three-Way Catalytic Converter: This is the most efficient and widespread type of catalytic converters used nowadays. A three-way unit has both reduction and oxidation stages and is the only type that can take care of all 3 major pollutants - nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. And because of its well-rounded efficiency, this is …Yes! Our specialist catalytic recycling division recycles the precious metals inside the catalytic converter, in a part called the autocatalyst. We extract these metals through the decanning process in our own facility. Call right now …Thefts can targeted or opportunistic, so here are top tips to make it harder for a catalytic converter thief to target your car. 1. Don’t park in the same spot every day. If you have the sort of car that’s likely to be targeted, such as a Toyota hybrid, move it often and use different places at public, station or work car parks.Why Sell Your Catalytic Converter To Us? DMV Recycling will give you the most money for your old catalytic converters. Our team is highly trained, which allows them to give exceptionally accurate quotes. Paired with our drive, our integrity, and our passion for delivering nothing but the best for our customers, and you have just a few reasons ... The fourth option, is to buy a used part. This option is often considered if the catalytic converter is built inside the exhaust manifold. A used catalytic converter might be harder to find and the condition of a used part is questionable, but we have seen cases where a used part was the most affordable option and it worked.USED AND NEW CATALYTIC CONVERTERS FOR SALE AT THE BEST PRICES SPARESBOYZ. Sparesboyz Durban and Cape Town offer a one-stop, auto shop experience second to none, selling new OEM/Aftermarket and Genuine, Used Catalytic converters at the very best prices. We cater to walk-in customers at our branches, as well as offer local …Catalytic Converter Scrap Prices from Subaru - January 19, 2024. Used Diesel "cat" (catalytic converter) from Subaru: $61 – $182. Used Gasoline "cat" (catalytic converter) from Subaru: $11 – $353. Used Ceramic "cat" (catalytic converter) from Subaru: $11 – …I have sold used ones on ebay - you probably won't find them listed as catalytic converters since it is prohibited to buy/sell a used catalytic converter. You can however buy it for the precious metals and still end …Our knowledgeable and friendly U.S.-based staff is here to assist you in any way possible. If you can't find the replacement catalytic converter you need, contact one of our representatives today and we'll located the exact part you need. Best Selling Catalytic Converters! Shop Discount Catalytic Converter Parts NowOh boy a 2007 accord. You may actually have a bigger and more complicated problem than you think. What you will want to do is go look at your underhood emissions label and see what your engine family number is. If it a SULEV the problem you will find is even if you wanted to buy a new CAT there are none available.Catalytic Converters from Junkyards, Used Catalytic Converter - Junkyard Parts Locator. We Guarantee to find your part within 24 - 48 hrs. It will take us less than 1 minute. to send your part request to Junkyards throughout the United States. Start your Search by selecting. your Vehicle's Year, Make and Model Below! This means that no used converter can be legally advertised for sale, sold, or installed in California after this date. The links below provide additional information for manufacturers …B. Subsection A of this section does not apply to: 1. The possession or sale of a used catalytic converter or any nonferrous parts of a catalytic converter by an automotive recycler that is licensed pursuant to Title 28, Chapter 10 if the possession or sale is in the automotive recycler’s ordinary course of business.. 2. The purchase or sale of a used …Apr 30, 2019 · California Restrictions on Aftermarket Catalytic Converters. Effective January 1st, 2009, California enacted a new law that all California vehicles must meet California’s emission standards. If your vehicle was purchased in California anytime on or after said date, your car will not function properly without a California regulated catalytic ... Apr 6, 2022 · The catalytic converter is an exhaust system part that’s necessary for your car to pass safety and emissions inspections in many states. Some vehicles have more than one, and the NICB says ... Jan 16, 2024 · Thanks to iScrap, the process is easy and convenient. Get more value from your used car parts and download the iScrap App today! If you have questions about RRCats, catalytic converters, and selling them, call 973-453-0759 today. They’ll be happy to answer any queries you may have. Jan 2, 2005 · EPA considers it a violation of the policy to install a used converter from a salvage yard or sell it for reuse unless it has been properly tested and labeled. Similarly, it is a violation to install an untested used converter brought in by a customer, even if the customer insists that the used converter came off his/her vehicle. At Lonestar PMR we buy spent catalytic converters from individual sellers, small muffler shops, and large garages and scrapyards. How We Can Help You. We are an outlet and a resource for those who want to sell their catalytic converters. Even if you only have a single item to sell, you can sell it for cash on the spot at our buying center.Governors Urge Biden To Order 100% Zero-Emission Car Sales By 2035. The organization blames the under-vehicle crime wave on much higher prices for the valuable metals inside catalytic converters ...You should also know the serial number of your catalytic converter, making identifying the part much simpler for everyone. Some steel wool can help you uncover the numbers if it’s hard to see. Stainless Steel Scouring Pads. $14.99 $13.99 ($1.17 / Count)They have to take every measure into account for finding the actual price of the SCRAP catalytic converter. DPFs and the catalytic converters that will go along with diesel engines generally have a much higher value anywhere between 2 to 200 times, then the older catalytic converters off of earlier models of the same trucks and vehicles . I have sold used ones on ebay - you probably won't find them listed as catalytic converters since it is prohibited to buy/sell a used catalytic converter. You can however buy it for the precious metals and still end …Catalytic converter prices could vary anywhere between $300 and $3,000 depending on the car model and maker. This price will also change if the catalytic converter is a used one and not a brand-new one. You must also add labor costs between $50 and $200 depending on your car’s type and model. Prices for catalytic converters …They have to take every measure into account for finding the actual price of the SCRAP catalytic converter. DPFs and the catalytic converters that will go along with diesel engines generally have a much higher value anywhere between 2 to 200 times, then the older catalytic converters off of earlier models of the same trucks and vehicles . Get the best deals for used catalytic converter at eBay.com. We have a great online selection at the lowest prices with Fast & Free shipping on many items! Skip to main content. Shop by category. Shop ... Save up to 5% when you buy more. or Best Offer. fcexhaustsinc (8,512) 98.1%. Free shipping. Almost gone. 17 sold.A stolen catalytic converter can fetch a pretty penny because it contains precious metals like platinum, rhodium, and palladium. Your average catalytic converter can be sold for up to $300 while hybrid converters (watch …Opens in a new window or tab. sm8181 (7) 100%. +$14.42 shipping. Used OEM 06-11 Honda Civic Si catalytic converter 18160-RRB-A00. Opens in a new window or tab. tallpapa-prettymama (829) 100%. (Sun, 02:15 PM) 2019 2020 Kia Forte Exhaust Manifold Catalytic Converter 2ELE018L06H739. Opens in a new window or tab. effective September 1, 2021. The legislation increases criminal penalties for knowingly purchasing stolen catalytic converters and adds certain requirements relating to the purchase of catalytic converters by metal recycling entities. A violation of Section 1956.038 involving a catalytic converter is a state jail felony unless it is shown on ...Jan 2, 2005 · EPA considers it a violation of the policy to install a used converter from a salvage yard or sell it for reuse unless it has been properly tested and labeled. Similarly, it is a violation to install an untested used converter brought in by a customer, even if the customer insists that the used converter came off his/her vehicle. Unfortunately, you can't sell a BMW cat converter at 8 hundred dollars, even though many blogs insist you can. We don't know where they take this information from, so we decided to check it out thoroughly. Our estimates: a used BMW E46 catalytic converter (OEM one) should cost $160 to $220 for the main cat and $60 to $110 for a pre-cat.You can choose a car with the converter in the hood or one with beads in it. The best choice, however, is an electric car. Insurance. This is more of a remedy than a prevention option, as it helps in the replacement of the catalytic converters in case of theft. Depending on the kind of insurance you choose, you can get your catalytic converter ...Magnaflow. Website- www.magnaflow.com According to EO D-193-151, Magnaflow has successfully proved their cats for the Toyota Prius pass California’s standards and can legally sell both direct fit and universal catalytic converters for the following Toyota and Lexus. 2014-2016+ Toyota Prius; 2012-2016+ Toyota Prius C; 2013 …Here you can effortlessly set your used catalytic converter for sale, reaching a potential Buyer in your area. It's the ideal solution for individuals seeking a straightforward and efficient selling experience. Besides, AutoCatalystMarket isn't just for individual sellers. We cater to businesses looking to buy and sell catalytic converters at ... Dec 15, 2022 · Depending on the exact situation, replacing your car’s catalytic converter can cost between $900 and $2,500. Since the catalytic converter manages the harmful emissions from internal combustion engines, you may be required to depending on your local laws. Typical they last as long as the vehicle.

The catalytic converter uses precious metals and high heat to oxidize and reduce harmful emissions, converting them into safer compounds like H2O, CO2, nitrogen (N2). Because of the way they are …. Crispr cas applied to tgf beta induced emt labster quizlet

can you buy used catalytic converters

The average catalytic converter contains about 1-2 grams of rhodium, about 3-7 grams of platinum, and between 2 and 7 grams of palladium. While the market value of these metals has decreased, they ...the vehicle and traffic law is amended by adding a new section 415-d to read as follows: § 415-d. regulation of used catalytic converters. 1. as used in this section: (a) "used catalytic converter" means a catalytic converter or other equipment or feature constituting an operational element of a motor vehicle's air pollution control system or ...Catalytic converter theft is on the rise and to a shocking degree. Theft of this pricey part rose 325 percent nationwide between 2019 and 2020, according to the National Insurance Crime Bureau ...Browse all MagnaFlow Catalytic Converter replacements for your car, truck or SUV. From direct-fit, universal, CARB compliant or federal compliant, buy the converter that your vehicle needs at MagnaFlow.com. We use cookies to ensure you get the best web experience and to ensure your privacy. Read More GOT IT Free US ...Yes, it is against federal law to sell used catalytic converters for any other purpose than scrap metal. Never knew used cats were illegal to sell. I damaged the exhaust on a Subaru WRX. I ended up buying someone’s entire cat back stock exhaust system ($300) they pulled for performance reasons at 15k miles.The catalytic converter uses precious metals and high heat to oxidize and reduce harmful emissions, converting them into safer compounds like H2O, CO2, nitrogen (N2). Because of the way they are …What you should know about Georgia Catalytic Converter Laws. All cars manufactured in Georgia after 1974 are legally obliged to have an EPA-approved catalytic converter. You must also abide by various state requirements when purchasing secondhand catalytic converters. Removing a manufacturer’s pollution control device for maintenance or ...An obvious answer is – a scrap yard. While selling your catalytic converter to a scrap yard may seem a better option, be wary of those you sell to. Like the …There are a few places that you can go to in order to purchase a used catalytic converter. The best place to buy a used catalytic converter is typically going …Replacing a catalytic converter is expensive, especially if you buy a brand new OEM (original equipment manufacturers) version. Manufacturer-sourced catalytic converter replacements/repairs can run well over $1000, so it’s not surprising that car owners frequently turn to alternative resources when facing this repair.A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the emissions from an internal combustion engine (used in most modern day automobiles and vehicles). Not enough oxygen is available to oxidize the carbon fuel in these engines completely into carbon dioxide and water; thus toxic by-products are produced. Catalytic converters …Determining the Right Replacement Catalytic Converter Step 1 – Consult state regulations pertaining to aftermarket replacement converters. Some states now require use of CARB-compliant aftermarket converters in certain circumstances. It is important to know your state’s requirements to determine the correct converter for your …The average catalytic converter contains about 1-2 grams of rhodium, about 3-7 grams of platinum, and between 2 and 7 grams of palladium. While the market value of these metals has decreased, they ...1. Know where and how you want to sell catalytic converters. There are different ways in which you can sell your used catalytic converter in Europe: either directly to a refiner or through an intermediary. Refiners often use an expanded version of purchasing and pay for the material only after a quick assay. Expanded: these terms and ….

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